Chimariko
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | 1 sg | 3 > 1 sg | 1 pl | 3 > 1 pl | 3 > 2 sg | 2 sg | 2sg > 1 | 2 pl | 2 pl > 1 | 3 > 2 pl | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (i-stem) | prefix | ˀi | čʰu | ya | čʰa | mi | mi | me | qʰu | qʰo | qʰa | hi |
| (u-stem) | prefix | yu | čʰu | ya | čʰa | mu | mu | me | qʰu | qʰo | qʰa | hu |
| (a-stem) | prefix | ye | čʰa | ya | čʰa | ma | ma | me | qʰa | qʰo | qʰa | ha |
| (e-stem) | prefix | ye | čʰo | ya | čʰa | me | me | me | qʰo | qʰo | qʰa | he |
| (o-stem) | prefix | yo | čʰo | ya | čʰa | mo | mo | me | qʰo | qʰo | qʰa | ho |
Chimariko notes
- One class of verbs (Jany 2009: 100-2) has suffixes instead (directly after root, before tense/aspect); basically the same shape as the prefixes, but not much information is given about them.
- Pronominal prefixes directly precede stem, except in one of the two
types of negatives, x-V...-na,
where 'V' stands for the underlying thematic vowel. This in turn
affects inflection in two ways:
- 1sg subject and 3rd person prefixes are deleted before negative x, presumably leading to syncretism of those values.
- x-e..., x-i... → x-o..., x-u..., except where preceded by 2sg m-, imperative sg n-, or 1st person object forms in -e- (Jany 2009: 36). (But Jany states that V assimilates to vowel of the prefix; it's not clear how these rules should be ordered.)
References
Jany, Carmen. 2009. Chimariko Grammar: Areal and Typological Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.