Tlatepuzco Chinantec
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | prs 3 | fut 3 | cpl 3 | prs 1 sg | fut 1 sg | cpl 1 sg | prs 2 | fut 2 | cpl 2 | prs 1 pl | fut 1 pl | cpl 1 pl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| able | lexeme | ti²+líɁ¹ | ti³+líɁ¹ | ti³+líɁ¹ | ti²+léi2¹ | ti¹+léi2¹ | ti¹+léi2¹ | ti²+leɁ¹ | ti¹+leɁ¹ | ti¹+leɁ¹ | ti²+líɁ¹ | ti¹+líɁ¹ | ti¹+líɁ¹ |
| able | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| able | tone | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| achieve | lexeme | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ | ɁiuɁ³ |
| achieve | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| achieve | tone | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| add to | lexeme | tión² | tión² | tión² | ton³ | ton³ | ton³ | ton³ | ton³ | tión³ | tión³ | tión³ | tión³ |
| add to | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| add to | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| ascend | lexeme | uǿi² | uǿi² | uǿi² | uǿi² | uǿi³ | uǿi² | uǿi² | uǿi³ | uǿi² | uǿi¹² | uǿi¹³ | uǿi¹³ |
| ascend | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| ascend | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| atrophy | lexeme | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ | tian¹ |
| atrophy | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| atrophy | tone | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| break1 | lexeme | gǿi¹² | gǿi¹ | gǿi¹ | gǿi¹² | gǿi¹³ | gǿi¹ | gǿi² | gǿi³ | guiig² | guiig² | guiig³ | guiig³ |
| break1 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| break1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| break2 | lexeme | Ɂnie¹² | Ɂnie¹ | Ɂnie¹ | Ɂna³ | Ɂna³ | Ɂna³ | Ɂna³ | Ɂna³ | Ɂnie³ | Ɂnie³ | Ɂnie³ | Ɂnie³ |
| break2 | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| break2 | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| burn1 | lexeme | høn¹² | høn¹ | høn² | høn¹² | høn¹³ | høn¹ | høn² | høn³ | hin² | hin² | hin³ | hin³ |
| burn1 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| burn1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| burn2 | lexeme | kug² | kug¹ | kug² | kug² | kug¹ | kug² | kug² | kug¹ | kug² | kug² | kug¹ | kug² |
| burn2 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| burn2 | tone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| bury | lexeme | Ɂog¹² | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹² | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹² | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹² | Ɂog¹ | Ɂog¹ |
| bury | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| bury | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
| buy | lexeme | lan² | lan² | lan² | lan² | lan³ | lan² | lan² | lan³ | lian¹ | lian¹² | lian¹³ | lian¹³ |
| buy | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| buy | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| buy second hand | lexeme | lag² | lag¹ | lag² | lag¹² | lag¹³ | lag¹ | lag¹² | lag¹³ | lag¹ | lag² | lág³ | lág³ |
| buy second hand | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| buy second hand | tone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| catch up1 | lexeme | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² | hogɁ¹² |
| catch up1 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| catch up1 | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| catch up2 | lexeme | ɁioɁ¹² | ɁioɁ¹³ | ɁioɁ¹ | Ɂiag¹² | Ɂiag¹³ | Ɂiag¹ | ɁianɁ¹² | ɁianɁ¹³ | ɁianɁ¹ | ɁioɁ¹² | ɁioɁ¹³ | ɁioɁ¹ |
| catch up2 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| catch up2 | tone | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 |
| collect | lexeme | Ɂon¹² | Ɂon¹ | Ɂon¹ | Ɂon¹² | Ɂon¹³ | Ɂon¹ | Ɂøng² | Ɂøng³ | Ɂeng³ | Ɂeng² | Ɂeng³ | Ɂeng³ |
| collect | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemC | #stemC | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| collect | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| cough | lexeme | húɁ² | húɁ² | húɁ² | húɁ² | húɁ³ | húɁ² | húɁ² | húɁ³ | húɁ² | húɁ² | húɁ³ | huɁ³ |
| cough | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| cough | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| covet | lexeme | Ɂán¹² | Ɂán¹ | Ɂán¹ | Ɂán¹² | Ɂán¹³ | Ɂán¹ | Ɂán¹² | Ɂán¹³ | Ɂán¹³ | Ɂán¹² | Ɂán¹³ | Ɂán¹³ |
| covet | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| covet | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| cut off | lexeme | tsénɁ² | tsénɁ² | tsénɁ² | tsḗnɁ² | tsḗnɁ³ | tsḗnɁ² | tsḗnɁ² | tsḗnɁ³ | tsénɁ² | tsénɁ¹² | tsénɁ¹³ | tsénɁ¹³ |
| cut off | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| cut off | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| destroy | lexeme | Ɂén² | Ɂén² | Ɂén² | Ɂén¹² | Ɂén¹³ | Ɂén¹ | Ɂén¹² | Ɂén¹³ | Ɂén¹ | Ɂén¹² | Ɂén¹³ | Ɂén¹³ |
| destroy | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| destroy | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| disappear | lexeme | kionɁ¹² | kionɁ¹³ | kionɁ¹ | kionɁ¹² | kionɁ¹³ | kionɁ¹ | kionɁ¹² | kionɁ¹³ | kionɁ¹ | kionɁ¹² | kionɁ¹³ | kionɁ¹ |
| disappear | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| disappear | tone | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 |
| drop1 | lexeme | tiánɁ¹² | tiánɁ¹ | tiánɁ¹ | tánɁ¹² | tánɁ¹³ | tánɁ¹ | tánɁ¹² | tánɁ¹³ | tiánɁ¹³ | tiánɁ¹² | tiánɁ¹³ | tiánɁ¹³ |
| drop1 | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| drop1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| drop2 | lexeme | tug¹² | tiug¹² | tug¹² | tug¹² | tiug¹² | tug¹² | tug¹² | tiug¹² | tug¹² | tug¹² | tiug¹² | tug¹² |
| drop2 | stem | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA |
| drop2 | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| eat | lexeme | kúgɁ¹² | kúgɁ¹² | kúgɁ¹² | kúgɁ¹² | kúgɁ¹³ | kúgɁ¹ | kúgɁ¹² | kúgɁ¹³ | kiúgɁ¹ | kiúgɁ¹² | kiúgɁ¹³ | kiúgɁ¹³ |
| eat | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| eat | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| employ | lexeme | Ɂiog¹² | Ɂiog¹ | Ɂiog¹ | Ɂóg¹² | Ɂóg¹³ | Ɂóg¹ | Ɂóg¹² | Ɂóg¹³ | Ɂiog¹ | Ɂiog¹² | Ɂiog¹³ | Ɂiog¹³ |
| employ | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| employ | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| fall | lexeme | tanɁ² | tiánɁ¹ | tanɁ² | tanɁ² | tiánɁ¹ | tanɁ² | tanɁ² | tiánɁ¹ | tanɁ² | tanɁ² | tiánɁ¹ | tanɁ² |
| fall | stem | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA |
| fall | tone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| fall out | lexeme | kanɁ¹² | kanɁ¹ | kanɁ¹ | kanɁ¹² | kanɁ¹³ | kanɁ¹ | kanɁ¹² | kanɁ¹³ | kanɁ¹ | kanɁ¹² | kanɁ¹³ | kanɁ¹³ |
| fall out | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| fall out | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| find | lexeme | hniuɁ² | hniuɁ¹ | hniuɁ¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ |
| find | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| find | tone | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| get off | lexeme | siág¹² | siág¹ | siág¹ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ | siog³ |
| get off | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| get off | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| go | lexeme | ngó¹² | ngó¹ | ngó¹ | ngó¹² | ngó¹³ | ngó¹ | ngó² | ngó³ | ngó² | ngó² | ngó³ | ngó³ |
| go | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| go | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| jump | lexeme | tión² | tión² | tión² | tión¹² | tión¹³ | tión¹ | tión² | tión³ | tión² | tión² | tión³ | tión³ |
| jump | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| jump | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| leave again | lexeme | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuanɁ¹² | ɁuaiɁ¹² | ɁuaiɁ¹² | ɁuaiɁ¹² | ɁuaiɁ¹² |
| leave again | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| leave again | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| lift | lexeme | rónɁ¹² | rónɁ¹ | rónɁ¹ | ráng¹² | ráng¹ | ráng¹ | ránɁ¹² | ránɁ¹ | ránɁ¹ | rónɁ¹² | rónɁ¹ | rónɁ¹ |
| lift | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| lift | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
| look forward | lexeme | hngia¹² | hngia¹ | hngia¹ | han¹³ | han¹³ | han¹³ | han¹³ | han¹³ | hngia¹³ | hngia¹³ | hngia¹³ | hngia¹³ |
| look forward | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| look forward | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| meet | lexeme | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ | tan¹³ |
| meet | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| meet | tone | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| mend | lexeme | Ɂméi¹² | Ɂméi¹ | Ɂméi¹ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ | Ɂmei³ |
| mend | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| mend | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| nagging | lexeme | héi² | héi² | héi² | hí² | hí³ | hí² | hí² | hí³ | hí¹ | hí¹² | hí¹³ | hí¹³ |
| nagging | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| nagging | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| out | lexeme | hian¹² | hian¹ | hian¹ | hán² | hán³ | hán² | hán¹² | hán¹³ | hian¹² | hian¹² | hian¹³ | hian¹³ |
| out | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| out | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| pass | lexeme | ngē² | ngē² | ngē² | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ | ngē³ |
| pass | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| pass | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| power | lexeme | køɁ³ | køɁ³ | køɁ³ | kai³ | kai³ | kai³ | kēɁ³ | kēɁ³ | kēɁ³ | køɁ³ | køɁ³ | køɁ³ |
| power | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| power | tone | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| raise | lexeme | chiog¹² | chiog¹ | chiog¹ | chiog¹² | chiog¹³ | chiog¹ | chiog¹² | chiog¹³ | chiog³ | chiog¹² | chiog¹³ | chiog¹³ |
| raise | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| raise | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| reappear | lexeme | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ | hniang² | hniang¹ | hniang¹ |
| reappear | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| reappear | tone | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| recover | lexeme | lan² | len¹ | lan¹ | lan² | len¹ | lan¹ | lan² | len¹ | lan¹ | lan² | len¹ | lan¹ |
| recover | stem | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA |
| recover | tone | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| save | lexeme | lúg² | liúg² | lúg² | lúg² | liúg² | lúg² | lúg² | liúg² | lúg² | lúg² | liúg² | lúg² |
| save | stem | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemA |
| save | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| scare | lexeme | Ɂán² | Ɂán² | Ɂán² | Ɂán² | Ɂán³ | Ɂán² | Ɂán² | Ɂán³ | Ɂán¹ | Ɂán¹² | Ɂán¹³ | Ɂán¹³ |
| scare | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| scare | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| search for1 | lexeme | Ɂno¹² | Ɂno¹ | Ɂno¹ | Ɂno¹² | Ɂno¹³ | Ɂno¹ | Ɂno¹² | Ɂno¹³ | Ɂnió¹ | Ɂnió¹² | Ɂnió¹³ | Ɂnió¹³ |
| search for1 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| search for1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| search for2 | lexeme | Ɂno¹² | Ɂno¹ | Ɂno² | Ɂno¹² | Ɂno¹³ | Ɂno¹ | Ɂnøng² | Ɂnøng³ | Ɂneng² | Ɂneng² | Ɂneng³ | Ɂneng³ |
| search for2 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemC | #stemC | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| search for2 | tone | 12 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| shout out | lexeme | ɁúgɁ² | ɁúgɁ² | ɁúgɁ² | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ | ɁogɁ³ |
| shout out | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| shout out | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| sleep | lexeme | guen² | guen¹ | guen² | guen² | guen¹ | guen² | guen² | guen¹ | guøi² | guøi² | guøi¹ | guøi² |
| sleep | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| sleep | tone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| sniff | lexeme | hønɁ¹² | hønɁ¹ | hønɁ¹ | hønɁ¹² | hønɁ¹³ | hønɁ¹ | hønɁ² | hønɁ³ | hinɁ¹² | hinɁ¹² | hinɁ¹³ | hinɁ¹³ |
| sniff | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| sniff | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| spoon | lexeme | tsai¹² | tsai¹ | tsai¹ | tsaí² | tsaí³ | tsaí² | tsai¹² | tsai¹³ | tsai¹² | tsai¹² | tsai¹³ | tsai¹³ |
| spoon | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| spoon | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| stand up | lexeme | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² | rón² |
| stand up | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| stand up | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| stoop | lexeme | húgɁ² | húgɁ² | húgɁ² | hógɁ¹² | hógɁ¹³ | hógɁ¹ | hógɁ¹² | hógɁ¹³ | hógɁ¹ | hógɁ¹² | hógɁ¹³ | hógɁ¹³ |
| stoop | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| stoop | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| stop | lexeme | tsiɁ¹² | tsiɁ¹ | tsiɁ¹ | tsǿɁ¹² | tsǿɁ¹³ | tsǿɁ¹ | tsǿɁ² | tsǿɁ³ | tsiɁ² | tsiɁ² | tsiɁ³ | tsiɁ³ |
| stop | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| stop | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| take | lexeme | togɁ¹² | togɁ¹² | togɁ¹² | togɁ² | togɁ³ | togɁ² | togɁ² | togɁ³ | tiogɁ² | tiogɁ² | tiogɁ³ | tiogɁ³ |
| take | lexeme | kán² | kán² | kán² | kán¹² | kán¹³ | kán¹ | kán² | kán³ | kiin² | kiin² | kiin³ | kiin³ |
| take | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| take | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| take | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| take | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| teach | lexeme | Ɂe¹² | Ɂe¹ | Ɂe¹ | Ɂe¹² | Ɂe¹³ | Ɂe¹ | Ɂe² | Ɂé³ | Ɂe³ | Ɂe² | Ɂé³ | Ɂé³ |
| teach | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| teach | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| throw | lexeme | tión² | tión² | tión² | tón² | tón³ | tón² | tón² | tón³ | tión² | tión² | tión³ | tión³ |
| throw | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| throw | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| throw | lexeme | teng¹² | teng¹ | teng¹ | tøng¹² | tøng¹³ | tøng¹ | tøng² | tøng³ | teng³ | teng² | teng³ | teng³ |
| throw | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| throw | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| tie1 | lexeme | Ɂngieng¹² | Ɂngieng¹ | Ɂngiéng² | Ɂngieng¹² | Ɂngieng¹³ | Ɂngieng¹ | Ɂngieng² | Ɂngiéng³ | Ɂngieng² | Ɂngieng² | Ɂngiéng³ | Ɂngiéng³ |
| tie1 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| tie1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| tie2 | lexeme | køin² | køin¹ | køin² | køin¹² | køin¹³ | køin¹ | køin¹² | køin¹³ | kiing¹ | kiing² | kiing³ | kiing³ |
| tie2 | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| tie2 | tone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| to take | lexeme | ɁenɁ¹² | ɁenɁ¹ | ɁenɁ¹ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ | ɁenɁ¹³ |
| to take | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| to take | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| trample1 | lexeme | guiúnɁ¹² | guiúnɁ¹ | guiúnɁ¹ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ | guionɁ¹³ |
| trample1 | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| trample1 | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| trample2 | lexeme | Ɂø²+tsúgɁ² | Ɂø³+tsúgɁ² | Ɂø³+tsúgɁ² | Ɂø²+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² | Ɂø²+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² | Ɂø²+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² | Ɂø¹+tsogɁ² |
| trample2 | stem | #stemC | #stemC | #stemC | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| trample2 | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| use | lexeme | hmáɁ² | hmáɁ² | hmáɁ² | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ | hmáɁ¹³ |
| use | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA |
| use | tone | 2 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| wrap | lexeme | lióg¹² | lióg¹ | lióg¹ | lóg¹² | lóg¹³ | lóg¹ | lóg¹² | lóg¹³ | lióg³ | lióg¹² | lióg¹³ | lióg¹³ |
| wrap | stem | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| wrap | tone | 12 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| wrap up | lexeme | kēnɁ¹² | kēnɁ¹² | kēnɁ¹² | kēnɁ² | kēnɁ³ | kēnɁ² | kēnɁ² | kēnɁ³ | kienɁ² | kienɁ¹² | kienɁ¹³ | kienɁ¹³ |
| wrap up | stem | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemA | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB | #stemB |
| wrap up | tone | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
Tlatepuzco (Palantla) Chinantec notes
- The database records tone patterns and stem alternations. Patterns of 'ballistic stress' (pharyngealization, represented here by an acute accent over the vowel) are largely correlated with the tone pattern, and so have not been separately registered here. Because of the extremely large number of different patterns that result when even these two layers of inflection are combined, the database contains only 'major' patterns, in that only tone patterns and stem alternation patterns that are represented by 5 or more lexemes in the dictionary ()Merrifield and Anderson 2007) are included.
Orthographic notes
- Tone is represented as numerals:
| High | 3 |
| Mid | 2 |
| Low | 1 |
| Low-mid | 12 |
| Low-high | 13 |
| High-low | 31 |
References
Feist, Timothy & Enrique L. Palancar. 2015. The Oto-Manguean Inflectional Class Database. University of Surrey. [DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15126/SMG.28/1]
Baerman, Matthew and Enrique L. Palancar. Forthcoming. The organization of Chinantec tone paradigms. Cahiers de Grammaire. Available online.
Merrifield, W. R. and A. E. Anderson. 2007. Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca. [2nd Edition] (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas "Mariano Silva y Aceves" 39). Mexico DF: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. Available online.
Palancar, Enrique L. 2014. Revisiting the complexity of the Chinantecan verb conjugation classes, in Jean-Léo Léonard & Alain Kihm (eds.), Patterns in Meso-American Morphology, pp. 77-102. Paris: Michel Houdiard Editeur. Available online.