Dar Daju Daju

Language

Dar Daju Daju

Family

Nilo-Saharan

Ethnologue

ISO

glottolog_id

Nouns table

gloss	layer	sg	pl
bicycle	lexeme	bisikledi	bisiklediŋge
bicycle	suffix	i	iŋge
charcoal	lexeme	culce	culge
charcoal	suffix	e	ge
chin	lexeme	kokine	kokiŋge
chin	suffix	ne	iŋge
idiot	lexeme	malande	malandige
idiot	suffix	e	ige
jujubiye tree	lexeme	bukce	buktiŋge
jujubiye tree	suffix	ce	tiŋge
millet paste	lexeme	sere	sertige
millet paste	suffix	e	tige
mouth	lexeme	uke	ukiŋge
mouth	suffix	e	iŋge
ostrich	lexeme	kurne	kurge
ostrich	suffix	e	ge
pig	lexeme	kimziri	kimzirge
pig	suffix	i	ge
road	lexeme	soge	sogtiŋge
road	suffix	e	tiŋge
sorcerer	lexeme	caskice	caskiŋge
sorcerer	suffix	ce	iŋge
well	lexeme	morne	mortige
well	suffix	e	tige

gloss	layer	inf	1 sg prs	2 sg prs	3 sg prs	1inc pl prs	1 pl prs	2 pl prs	3 pl prs	1 sg non-prs	2 sg non-prs	3 sg non-prs	1inc pl non-prs	1 pl non-prs	2 pl non-prs	3 pl non-prs
attach	lexeme	dòbkè	dòbó	dòbó	dóbò	dòbcíná	dòbcíg	dòbcínì	dòbó	dòbì	dòbì	dòbì	dòbíná	dòbíg	dòbìnì	dòbì
attach	stem tone	L	L	L	H	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L
attach	suffix	ke	e	e	e	cina	cig	cini	e	i	i	i	na	ig	ni	i
lose	lexeme	mèèskè	méèsé							méésì
lose	stem tone	LL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH
lose	suffix	ke	e	e	e	cina	cig	cini	e	i	i	i	na	ig	ni	i
rot	lexeme	mòòskè	móósò							móósì
rot	stem tone	LL	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH	HH
rot	suffix	ke	e	e	e	cina	cig	cini	e	i	i	i	na	ig	ni	i
sharpen	lexeme	áálkè	áàlé							áàlì
sharpen	stem tone	HH	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL	HL
sharpen	suffix	ke	e	e	e	cina	cig	cini	e	i	i	i	na	ig	ni	i
throw away	lexeme	álkè	álè	álè	álè	álcíná	álcíg	álcínì	álè	álì	álì	álì	álná	álíg	álnì	álì
throw away	stem tone	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
throw away	suffix	ke	e	e	e	cina	cig	cini	e	i	i	i	na	ig	ni	i

The suffix -i is restricted to c. 30 Arabic loanwords. Of the remainder, -ne accounts for around 2/3rd, -ce for c. 20% and -e for c. 10%. In the plural, -ge and -iŋge are the most common.
Four of the sixteen logically possible singular/plural suffix pairings do not occur; all involve the two less common plural suffixes -tige and -tiŋge:
- Singular -i (the least frequent) with these two plural suffixes
- Singular -ne and plural -tiŋge
- Singular -ce and plural -tige

Per Aviles (2008) the surface forms of the verbs presuppose the operation of two phonological rules:
- Vowel harmony, whereby the suffix -e → -o if the stem contains a back vowel
- Epenthesis, which inserts /i/ between certain consonant clusters
The tonal paradigms of verbs with long stem vowels has been deduced on the basis of the infinitive and 1sg forms. There is however some uncertainty about the behaviour of 3rd person forms:
- Among verbs with short stem vowels, low tone verbs have a tone alternation in the 3rd person present, high tone verbs do not.
- Verbs with a long stem vowel all have an initial high tone in the present. On analogy with the short vowel stem verbs, the assumption here is that they also do not alternate in the 3rd person. But this might be incorrect.
There are other forms in the paradigm besides the ones shown here, e.g. progressive, iterative, durative. But (i) it appears that not every verb has all these forms, and (ii) Aviles (2008) does not give their tonal paradigms, so the presentation here is restricted to the core forms that are reliably attested.

Aviles, Arthur J. 2008. The phonology and morphology of the Dar Daju Daju language. M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota.