Erzya
Nouns table
| gloss | layer | sg nom | sg gen | sg dat | sg ill | sg abl | sg ines | sg el | sg prol | sg compar | sg abess | sg transl | pl nom | pl gen | pl dat | pl ill opt1 | pl ill opt2 | pl abl | pl ines | pl el | pl prol | pl compar | pl abess | pl transl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a house | lexeme | kudo | kudon' | kudonen' | kudos | kudodo | kudoso | kudosto | kudova | kudoška | kudovtomo | kudoks | kudot | kudon' | kudonen' | kudos | kudos | kudodo | kudoso | kudosto | kudova | kudoška | kudovtomo | kudoks |
| a house | suffix | Ø | n' | nen' | s | do | so | sto | va | ška | vtomo | ks | t | n' | nen' | s | s | do | so | sto | va | ška | vtomo | ks |
| the house | lexeme | kudos' | kudont' | kudonten' | kudonten' | kudodont' | kudosont' | kudostont' | kudovant' | kudoškant' | kudovtomont' | kudotne | kudotnen' | kudotnenen' | kudotnes | kudotnenen' | kudotnede | kudotnesë | kudotnestë | kudotneva | kudoeneška | kudotnevteme | tneks | |
| the house | suffix | s' | nt' | nten' | nten' | dont' | sont' | stont' | vant' | škant' | vtomont' | ksont' | tne | tnen' | tnenen' | tnes | tnenen' | tnede | tnesë | tnestë | tneva | eneška | tnevteme | tneks |
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | 1 sg prs | 1 sg > 2 sg prs | 1 sg > 3 sg prs | 1 sg > 3 pl prs | 1 pl prs | 1 pl > 3 prs | 2 sg prs | 2 sg > 1 sg prs | 2 sg > 3sg prs | 2 sg > 3 pl prs | 2 pl prs | 2 pl > 3 sg prs | 3 sg prs | 3 sg > 1 sg prs | 3 sg > 2 sg prs | 3 sg > 3 sg prs | 3 sg > 3 pl prs | 3 pl prs | 3 pl > 3 sg prs | pl > 1 sg prs | pl > 1 pl prs | pl > 2 sg prs | pl > 2 pl prs | 1 sg pst I | 1 sg > 2 sg pst I | 1 sg > 3 sg pst I | 1 sg > 3 pl pst I | 1 pl pst I | 1 pl > 3 pst I | 2 sg pst I | 2 sg > 1 sg pst I | 2 sg > 3 sg pst I | 2 sg > 3 pl pst I | 2 pl pst I | 2 pl > 3 sg pst I | 3 sg pst I | 3 sg > 1sg pst I | 3 sg > 2 sg pst I | 3 sg > 3 sg pst I | 3 sg > 3pl pst I | 3 pl pst I | 3 pl > 3 sg pst I | pl > 1 sg pst I | pl > 1 pl pst I | pl > 2 sg pst I | pl > 2 pl pst I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| catch | lexeme | kundan | kundatan | kundasa | kundasyn' | kundatano | kundasynek | kundat | kundasamak | kundasak | kundasyt' | kundatado | kundasynk | kundy | kundasamam | kundatanzat | kundasy | kundasynze | kundyt' | kundasyz' | kundasamiz' | kundasamiz' | kundatadyz' | kundatadyz' | kundyn' | kundytin' | kundyja | kundyn' | kundynek | kundynek | kundyt' | kundymik | kundyk | kundyt' | kundyde | kundynk | kundas' | kundymim | kundynzit' | kundyze | kundynze | kundast' | kundyz' | kundymiz' | kundymiz' | kundydiz' | kundydiz' |
| catch | suffix | an | atan | asa | asyn' | atano | asynek | at | asamak | asak | asyt' | atado | asynk | y | asamam | atanzat | asy | asynze | yt' | asyz' | asamiz' | asamiz' | atadyz' | atadyz' | yn' | ytin' | yja | yn' | ynek | ynek | yt' | ymik | yk | yt' | yde | ynk | as' | ymim | ynzit' | yze | ynze | ast' | yz' | ymiz' | ymiz' | ydiz' | ydiz' |
Erzya Mordvin notes
Nouns
- Definitive nouns clearly show the traces of agglutinative organization, with definite marking and case marking as distinct components. However, this has been perturbed to the point that neat segmentation is no longer all that obvious.
- The dative-illative syncretism of the singular may be recapitulated in the plural; Feoktistov gives the syncretic form in his tables, with the non-syncretic form in parentheses, while Zaicz and Buzakova & Matjuškina give only the non-syncretic form.
Verbs
- There are four tenses: present(-future); past I; past II; and compound future. However, tense is only distinguished in the indicative mood. The verbs sheet shows the inflection of the present against the other tenses, represented by past I.
- Perfective verbs with a definite object mark both subject and object; otherwise, only subject is marked.
References
Buzakova, I.S. & PG Matjuškina. 1977. Pravila morfologii, orfografi, sintaksisa I punktuacii mordovskix jazykov. Saransk: Mordovskoe kn. izd.
Feoktistov, A.P. 1966. Erzjanskij jazyk. In Jazyki narodov SSSR, vol 3. Moscow: Nauka.
Feoktistov, A.P. 1975. Mordovskie jazyki. In V.I. Lytkin (ed.) Osnovy finno-ugorskogo jazykoznanija, pp. 248-343. Moscow: Nauka.
Zaicz, Gabor. Mordva. In Daniel Abondalo (ed.) The Uralic Languages, pp. 184-218. London: Routledge.