Gaagudju
Intransitive verbs table
| gloss | layer | pst pfv 1 | pst pfv 1incl | pst pfv 2 | pst pfv 3 I | pst pfv 3 II | pst pfv 3 III | pst pfv 3 IV | pst ipfv 1 | pst ipfv 1incl | pst ipfv 2 | pst ipfv 3 I | pst ipfv 3 II | pst ipfv 3 III | pst ipfv 3 IV | ev 1 | ev 1incl | ev 2 | ev 3 I | ev 3 II | ev 3 III | ev 3 IV | prs 1 | prs 1incl | prs 2 | prs 3 I | prs 3 II | prs 3 III | prs 3 IV | pst irr 1 | pst irr 1incl | pst irr 2 | pst irr 3 I | pst irr 3 II | pst irr 3 III | pst irr 3 IV | fut 1 | fut 1incl | fut 2 | fut 3 I | fut 3 II | fut 3 III | fut 3 IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| jump | lexeme | baleeburrbu | njimbaleeburrbu | balabarrageeni | njimbalabarrageeni | balabarrbarrageeya | njdjabalabarragee | balabarrageeni | njdjabalabarragee | mbalabarrageeni | inbalabarrageeni | njinbalabarrageeni | mbaleeburrbu | njinbaleeburrbu | inbaleeburrbu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| jump | stem | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| jump | prefix | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | Ø | njiN | ma | N | (arr)dja | marra | njdja | Ø | njdja | maya | njdja | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun |
| jump | suffix | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| argue | lexeme | arrgardaagarra | marraardaagarra | njinggardaagarra | ardaagarra | njinggardaagarra | ardaagarreeni | njinggardaagarreeya | njinggardaagarreeya | djaardaagarray | njdjaardaagarray | ardaagarray | njdjaardaagarray | nggardaagarreeni | ingardaagarra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| argue | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| argue | prefix | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | Ø | njiN | ma | N | (arr)dja | marra | njdja | Ø | njdja | maya | njdja | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun |
| argue | suffix | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| climb | lexeme | baadjigi | njimbaadjigi | baadjingi | baadjigi | njimbaadjigi | djabaadjingi | marra | njdjabaadjingi | baadjingi | njdjabaadjingi | inbaadjingi | inbaadji | njinbaadji | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| climb | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| climb | prefix | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | zero | njiN | ma | N | arr | marra | njiN | Ø | njiN | ma | N | (arr)dja | marra | njdja | Ø | njdja | maya | njdja | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun | N | marra | njin | in | njin | man | gun |
| climb | suffix | gi | gi | gi | gi | gi | gi | gi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | zero | gi | gi | gi | gi | gi | gi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | ngi | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
Gaagudju notes
- Verbs display a large variety of different inflectional suffixation patterns for TAM; judging by Harvey's (2002) appendix, much of this is lexeme-specific irregularity. To generalize over this, he proposes two 'super-conjugations', accounting for the general patterns. This is what we illustrate in the database: 'argue' and 'climb' represent his types I and II with an invariant stem, while 'jump' illustrates the typical pattern of alternating stems, in this case inflected according to the type I pattern.
References
Harvey, Mark. 2002. A Grammar of Gaagudju. (Mouton Grammar Library, 24.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.