Guahibo
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | realis | irrealis | injunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| caress | lexeme | kasiwa | ||
| caress | suffix | wa | wi | ware |
| cry | lexeme | nua | ||
| cry | suffix | ua | ue | uema |
| have blisters | lexeme | phurane | ||
| have blisters | suffix | ane | ae | aema |
| hit | lexeme | bia | ||
| hit | suffix | ia | e | ema |
| leave | lexeme | pitsapa | ||
| leave | suffix | pa | pae | pare |
| make | lexeme | exana | ||
| make | suffix | na | nae | nare |
| plant | lexeme | uba | ||
| plant | suffix | ba | bi | bare |
| sew | lexeme | horoka | ||
| sew | suffix | ka | kae | karea |
| spread legs | lexeme | bitsata | ||
| spread legs | suffix | ta | tsi | re |
| taste | lexeme | pahane | ||
| taste | suffix | ne | ni | nere |
Guahibo notes
- Individual verbs in -ne are said to show further irregularities in their formation, but Queixalos (1995: 222) does not provide details.
- Queixalos (1995) refers to the two verbal moods as factuel and virtuel (in French), for which realis and irrealis are used here.
- The realis and irrealis serve as a base for further affixation, which however appears to be the same for all verbs.
- The different classes of verbs appear to be arbitrary, not determined by semantics or phonology (pp. 218, 244-46). However, there is a relationship to aspect and affectedness, as well as various derivational processes, all of which Queixalos treats as lexical rather than inflectional.
References
Queixalos, Francisco. 1995. Grammaire sikuani. PhD thesis, University of Paris IV.