Japanese

Language

Japanese

Family

Japonic

Ethnologue

jpn

ISO

jpn

glottolog_id

nucl1643

Adjectives table

gloss	layer	non-pst	pst	neg	neg pst	presumpt	stem	conjunctive	cond
cheap	lexeme	yasu-i	yasu-kat-ta	yasu-ku-nai	yasu- ku-nakatta	yasu-karoo	yasu-ku	yasu-ku-te	yasu-kereba
cheap	suffix	i	kat-ta	ku-nai	ku-nakatta	karoo	ku	ku-te	kereba
cheap	stem	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1	stem 1

Verbs table

gloss	layer	stem phonology	non-pst	pst	neg	neg pst	imp	hort	stem	conjunctive	cond
buy	lexeme	w-final	ka(w)u	katta	kawanai	kawanakatta	ka(w)e	ka(w)oo	ka(w)i	katte	ka(w)eba
buy	stem	w-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
buy	suffix	w-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	te	eba
call	lexeme	b-final	yobu	yonda	yobanai	yobanakatta	yobe	yoboo	yobi	yonde	yobeba
call	stem	b-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
call	suffix	b-final	u	da	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	de	eba
come	lexeme	V-final	kuru	kita	konai	konakatta	koi	koyoo	ki	kite	kureba
come	stem	V-final	#stem 2	#stem 3	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 3	#stem 3	#stem 2
come	suffix	V-final	ru	ta	nai	nakatta	i	yoo	zero	te	reba
do	lexeme	V-final	suru	shita	shinai	shinakatta	shiro	shiyoo	shi	shite	sureba
do	stem	V-final	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2
do	suffix	V-final	ru	ta	nai	nakatta	ro	yoo	zero	te	reba
eat	lexeme	V-final	taberu	tabeta	tabenai	tabenakatta	tabero	tabeyoo	tabe	tabete	tabereba
eat	stem	V-final	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1
eat	suffix	V-final	ru	ta	nai	nakatta	ro	yoo	zero	te	reba
go	lexeme	k-final	iku	itta	ikanai	ikanakatta	ike	ikoo	iki	itte	ikeba
go	stem	k-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
go	suffix	k-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	e	eba
read	lexeme	m-final	yomu	yonda	yomanai	yomanakatta	yome	yomoo	yomi	yonde	yomeba
read	stem	m-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
read	suffix	m-final	u	da	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	de	eba
return	lexeme	r-final	kaeru	kaetta	kaeranai	kaeranakatta	kaere	kaeroo	kaeri	kaette	kaereba
return	stem	r-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
return	suffix	r-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	te	eba
swim	lexeme	g-final	oyogu	oyoida	oyoganai	oyoganakatta	oyoge	oyogoo	oyogi	oyoide	oyogeba
swim	stem	g-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
swim	suffix	g-final	u	da	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	de	eba
talk	lexeme	s/z-final	hanasu	hanashita	hanasanai	hanasanakatta	hanase	hanasoo	hanashi	hanashite	hanaseba
talk	stem	s/z-final	#stem 1	#stem 3	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 3	#stem 1
talk	suffix	s/z-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	te	eba
wait	lexeme	t/d-final	matsu	matta	matanai	matanakatta	mate	matoo	machi	matte	mateba
wait	stem	t/d-final	#stem 3	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1
wait	suffix	t/d-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	te	eba
write	lexeme	k-final	kaku	kaita	kakanai	kakanakatta	kake	kakoo	kaki	kaite	kakeba
write	stem	k-final	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 1	#stem 2	#stem 1
write	suffix	k-final	u	ta	anai	anakatta	e	oo	i	te	eba

Japanese notes

The so-called 'stem' form of verbs and adjectives is used by itself as a written alternative to the conjuctive (as well as being a derivational base). It is also the base for other inflected forms, e.g. the polite non-past -masu. (Some of the other forms serve as inflectional bases as well.)

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References

Kaiser, Stefan, Yasuko Ichikawa, Noriko Kobayashi, & Hilofumi Yamamoto. 2001. Japanese: A comprehensive grammar. London: Rougledge.