Mixe

Language

Mixe

Family

Mixe-Zoquean

Ethnologue

mxp

ISO

mxp

glottolog_id

tlah1239

Verbs intransitive table

gloss	layer	imp	dep neut 1 sg	dep neut 2 sg	dep neut 3 sg	dep Neut 1 pl	dep Neut 2 pl	dep Neut 3 pl	ind neut 1 sg	ind neut 2 sg	ind neut 3 sg	ind neut 1 pl	ind neut 2 pl	ind neut 3 pl	cpl 1 sg	cpl 2 sg	cpl 3 sg	cpl 1 pl	cpl 2 pl	cpl 3 pl	dep irr 1 sg	dep irr 2 sg	dep irr 3 sg	dep irr 1 pl	dep irr 2 pl	dep irr 3 pl	ind irr 1 sg	ind irr 2 sg	ind irr 3 sg	ind irr 1 pl	ind irr 2 pl	ind irr 3 pl	1incl
1a sprain one's foot	lexeme	jax			jyexy						jaxp						jajx						jyaxt
1a sprain one's foot	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
1a sprain one's foot	stem	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVhX	CVhX	CVhX	CVhX	CVhX	CVhX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVX	CVVhX
1a sprain one's foot	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
1b come	lexeme	men			myiny						memp						meen						mye'nt
1b come	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
1b come	stem	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CVVN	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'N	CV'VN
1b come	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
1c ascend	lexeme	pat			pyety						pajtp						paajt						pyatt
1c ascend	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
1c ascend	stem	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVhC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVhC
1c ascend	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
2a speak	lexeme	käjpx			kyajpxy						käjpxp						kääjpx						kyäjpxt
2a speak	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
2a speak	stem	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx	CVhCx
2a speak	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
2b rest	lexeme	po'kx			pye'kxy						po'kxp						poo'kx						pyo'kxt
2b rest	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
2b rest	stem	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CVV'Cx	CVV'Cx	CVV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx	CV'Cx
2b rest	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
3 be sad	lexeme	jotmay			jyotmay						jotmaapy						jyotmääy						jyotma'aty
3 be sad	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
3 be sad	stem	CVy	CVy	CVy	CVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy
3 be sad	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
4a vomit	lexeme	ëëts			yëëtsy						ë'tsp						ë'ëjts						yëëtst
4a vomit	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
4a vomit	stem	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	??	??	??	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CVVC	CV'VC
4a vomit	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
4b carve	lexeme	pääj			pyääjy						pääjp						pääjj						pyääjt
4b carve	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
4b carve	stem	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CVh
4b carve	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
5 hear	lexeme	mëtoo			myëtey						mëtoop						mëtoo						myëto'ot
5 hear	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
5 hear	stem	CVV	CV	CV	CV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVVh	CVVh	CVVh	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V
5 hear	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
6a collapse	lexeme	jä'ä			jyä'äy						jä'äp						jä'ä						jyä'ät
6a collapse	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
6a collapse	stem	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V
6a collapse	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
6b walk	lexeme	yo'oy			yo'oy						ye'epy						yo'oy						yo'oty
6b walk	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
6b walk	stem	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy
6b walk	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
7a rain	lexeme	tu'u			tyu'uy						tuup						tuu						tyu'ut
7a rain	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
7a rain	stem	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	CVV	??	??	??	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V	CV'V
7a rain	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
7b write	lexeme	jä'äy			jyä'äy						jaapy						jääjy						jyä'äty
7b write	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
7b write	stem	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVhy	CVVhy	CVVhy	CVVy	CVVy	CVVy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy	CV'Vy
7b write	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
8a arrive	lexeme	jä'ät			jyä'äty						jä'tp						jä'äjt						jyä'ätt
8a arrive	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
8a arrive	stem	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'C	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VhC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC
8a arrive	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm
8b lie	lexeme	ëntä'äk			yenta'aky						ëntäkp						yentääjk						yäntä'äkt
8b lie	prefix	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	n	m	y	n	m	y	zero	m	zero	zero	m	zero	zero
8b lie	stem	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhC	CVVhCt	CVVhCt	CVVhCt	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CV'VC	CVVhC
8b lie	suffix	zero	y	y	y	t	t	t	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	zero	zero	zero	t	t	t	t	t	t	tët	tët	tët	p	p	p	tëp	tëp	tëp	yë'm

Ayutla Mixe notes

A key parameter of inflection is the distinction between independent and dependent forms. According to Romero-Mendez (2008: 177):

[...] dependent inflection is triggered when a non-argument appears before the verb. Therefore, whenever there is a locative adverb, a temporal or aspectual particle, the negative particle, or when there is an adverbial interrogative word before the verb, the verb is marked as being dependent. Conversely, a verb is marked as independent if only argumental constituents appear before the verb.
The 1st person inclusive suffix replaces any aspect/mood markers, and so neutralizes aspectual disinctions, as well as the independent ~ dependent distinction(p. 320).
The completive is a moribund category, and Romero-Mendez (2008) reports he was not always able to elicit forms for it; also, the distinction between independent and dependent inflection does not appear to be relevant for it.

Phonological notes

Where inflectional processes juxtapose a /y/ and a consonant /C/ at the beginning or end of a word, the result is /Cy/. Thus prefixal y- added to a C-initial stem yields /Cy/, suffixal -C added to a y-final stem also yields /Cy/.

Orthographic conventions

[ä] = /ʌ/
[ë] = /ɨ/
[o] = /ɤ/
[j] = /h/

References

Romero-Mendez, Rodrigo. 2008. A reference grammar of Ayutla Mixe. PhD thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo.