Nambikuara
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | 1 sg | 1 sg neg | 1 pl | 3 sg | 3 sg neg | weak_imp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gather | lexeme | yo³a¹wa² | yo³nxa³wa² | yo³sĩ¹na¹wa² | yo³na³1a² | yo³xa³wa² | yo³txa²hẽ³la² |
| gather | suffix | a¹ | nxa³ | sĩ¹na¹ | na³ | xa³ | txa²hẽ³ |
| gather | stem tone | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| bring | lexeme | so¹na¹wa² | son²nxa³wa² | so¹sĩ¹na¹wa² | so²na³1a² | so²nxa³wa² | so¹sẽ¹la² |
| bring | suffix | na¹ | nxa³ | sĩ¹na¹ | na³ | nxa³ | sẽ¹ |
| bring | stem tone | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| chop | lexeme | tau³na¹wa² | taun²nxa³wa². | tau³sĩ¹na¹wa² | tau²na³la² | tau²nxa³wa². | tau³sẽ¹la² |
| chop | suffix | na¹ | nxa³ | sĩ¹na¹ | na³ | nxa³ | sẽ¹ |
| chop | stem tone | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Nambikuara notes
- Kroeker (2001) describes two verb classes which differ partly in their suffix allomorphs, and partly in the fact that one of them undergoes tonal alternations (with tone 2 appearing in association with certain forms). The class with the tonal alternation consists of only open-syllable stems, while the class without the tonal alternations contains all closed syllable stems, but there are also open syllable stems (as shown here). The database reflects the exemplary forms he gives, which are just a fraction of the paradigm, but the other forms cannot be reconstructed with sufficient confidence. (Among other things, the alternation between the final imperfective suffix -wa² and the perfective suffix -la² in the paradigms shown is not explained.)
References
Kroeker, Menno. 2001. A Descriptive Grammer of Nambikuara. International Journal of American Linguistics 67. 1--87.