Nuer
Nouns table
| gloss | layer | type count | sg nom | sg gen | sg loc | pl nom | pl gen | pl loc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fingernail | lexeme | 2 | ri̤öp | röp | ri̤öpkä | rööp | ri̤öpni̤ | ri̤öpni̤ |
| front of body | lexeme | 2 | bap | baap | baap | baapni̤ | baapni̤ | ba̤a̤pni̤ |
| mountain | lexeme | 2 | päm | pa̤a̤m | pa̤a̤m | pääm | päämni̤ | pa̤a̤mni̤ |
| lung | lexeme | 3 | puäth | puäthkä | puthkä | puɔ̤th | puɔ̤thni̤ | puɔ̤thni̤ |
| tree15 | lexeme | 3 | jiath | jiaath | jiaath | jiɛn | jiɛɛn | jiɛɛn |
| rank 2 | lexeme | 6 | ka̤a̤r | kua̤a̤rkä | kua̤a̤rkä | ka̤a̤ri̤ | ka̤a̤ri̤ | ka̤a̤ri̤ |
| wind | lexeme | 6 | ji̤ɔ̤m | ji̤a̤m | ji̤a̤m | jɔam | ji̤a̤mni̤ | ji̤a̤mni̤ |
| color | lexeme | 22 | biɛl | biɛlkä | biɛlkä | biiɛl | biiɛli̤ | biiɛli̤ |
| mouse | lexeme | 2 | bilduɔp | bilduɔpä | bilduɔpä | bilduɔpni̤ | bilduɔpni̤ | bilduɔpni̤ |
| basket | lexeme | 2 | ɣöth | ɣöthkä | ɣöthkä | ɣöthni̤ | ɣööthni̤ | ɣööthni̤ |
| head | lexeme | 2 | wi̤c | wi̤äc | wi̤ckä | wi̤i̤c | wi̤i̤cni̤ | wi̤i̤cni̤ |
| pot | lexeme | 2 | dhaar | dhar | dhar | dhäri̤ | dhääri̤ | dhääri̤ |
| shoulder | lexeme | 2 | jiar | jiar | jiar | jiɛ̈r | jiari̤ | jiari̤ |
| chest | lexeme | 2 | kaw | kath | kath | ka̤a̤th | ka̤a̤thni̤ | ka̤thni̤ |
| mouth | lexeme | 2 | thok | thuɔk | thɔk | thuuk | thuukni̤ | thuukni̤ |
| lion | lexeme | 2 | lony | lony | lony | luony | luonyni̤ | luony |
| meat | lexeme | 2 | ri̤ŋ | ri̤äŋ | ri̤äŋ | ri̤i̤ŋ | ri̤i̤ŋ | ri̤i̤ŋ |
| steamer | lexeme | 3 | babur | babuurkä | babuurkä | baburi̤ | babuuri̤ | babuuri̤ |
| injection | lexeme | 3 | tuɔ̤m | tuɔ̤mkä | tuɔ̤m | tum | tumni̤ | tumni̤ |
| chin | lexeme | 3 | ti̤k | tia̤k | tia̤k | ti̤a̤k | tia̤kni̤ | tia̤kni̤ |
| slap | lexeme | 4 | pät | pätkä | pätkä | pa̤t | pätni̤ | pätni̤ |
| sneeze | lexeme | 4 | thiam | thiamkä | thiamkä | thiem | thieemni̤ | thieemni̤ |
| potato | lexeme | 4 | tac | tackä | tac | tacni̤ | tacni̤ | tacni̤ |
| egret | lexeme | 6 | bööŋ | bööŋka̤ | bööŋka̤ | bo̤o̤ŋni̤ | bo̤o̤ŋni̤ | bo̤o̤ŋni̤ |
| tiger | lexeme | 6 | kuac | kuac | kuac | kuacni̤ | kuacni̤ | kuacni̤ |
| chair | lexeme | 8 | kɔm | kɔam | kɔam | kɔamni̤ | kɔamni̤ | kɔamni̤ |
| skin | lexeme | 11 | guɔ̤p | gupkä | gupkä | guup | guupni̤ | guupni̤ |
| vulture | lexeme | 11 | ka̤a̤t | ka̤a̤t | ka̤a̤t | ka̤t | ka̤tni̤ | ka̤tni̤ |
| flower | lexeme | 22 | gaak | gaakkä | gaakkä | gaakni̤ | gaakni̤ | gaakni̤ |
| tongue | lexeme | 27 | lɛp | lɛ̈p | lɛ̈p | lëëp | lëëpni̤ | lëëpni̤ |
| umbilical cord | lexeme | 1 | ca̤a̤r | ca̤a̤rä | ca̤a̤rä | ca̤a̤ri̤ | ca̤a̤ri̤ | cääri̤ |
| itinerant | lexeme | 1 | lɔɔk | lɔɔkä | lɔɔkä | lɔakni̤ | lɔakni̤ | lo̤o̤kni̤ |
| size | lexeme | 1 | peek | peekä | peekä | pek | pekni̤ | peekni̤ |
| leg | lexeme | 1 | ci̤ök | ci̤ökä | ci̤ökä | cök | cökni̤ | cökni̤ |
| peace | lexeme | 1 | mal | malä | malkä | maal | mali̤ | mali̤ |
| sky | lexeme | 1 | puäär | puäärkä | puärä | puäri̤ | puäri̤ | puäri̤ |
| pail | lexeme | 1 | to̤o̤k | tɔktɔkkä | to̤o̤kä | to̤o̤kni̤ | tɔ̤ktɔ̤kni̤ | tɔ̤ktɔ̤ɔ̤kni̤ |
| arm(upper) | lexeme | 1 | wuɔ̤k | wuɔ̤kkä | wuukä | wuɔ̤ɔ̤k | wuɔ̤ɔ̤kni̤ | wuɔ̤ɔ̤kni̤ |
| judge2 | lexeme | 1 | muukluk | mukkä | muukäluɔ̤k | muɔ̤k | muɔ̤kni̤ | muɔ̤kni̤luk |
| goat | lexeme | 1 | böw | böwkä | böwkä | böwni̤ | böwni̤ | bööwni̤ |
| September | lexeme | 1 | laath | laathkä | laathkä | lëthni̤ | laathni̤ | laathni̤ |
| cup2 | lexeme | 1 | liɛr | liɛrkä | liɛrkä | liäri̤ | li̤äri̤ | li̤äri̤ |
| rank 3 | lexeme | 1 | läm | lämkä | la̤mkä | lämni̤ | läämni̤ | la̤mni̤ |
| hunter/bow | lexeme | 1 | bär | ba̤a̤rkä | ba̤a̤rkä | ba̤ri̤ | ba̤a̤ri̤ | ba̤a̤ri̤ |
| water plant | lexeme | 1 | bɔ̤ɔ̤r | bɔ̤rkä | bɔ̤ärkä | bɔ̤ri̤ | bɔ̤ri̤ | bɔ̤äri̤ |
| hoof | lexeme | 1 | barkaɣ | barkaɣkä | barkaɣkä | barkaɣni̤ | barkaɣ | barkaɣni̤ |
| bag | lexeme | 1 | gök | gɔ̤kkä | go̤kkä | göök | gökkä | go̤o̤kni̤ |
| spit from cough | lexeme | 1 | kiɛl | kiɛlkä | kiɛlkä | kiil | kiili̤ | kiɛli̤ |
| narrows | lexeme | 1 | mät | ma̤tkä | ma̤tkä | ma̤t | mätni̤ | mätni̤ |
| valley | lexeme | 1 | täp | ta̤pkä | ta̤pkä | ta̤p | tääpni̤ | ta̤pni̤ |
| bone | lexeme | 1 | cɔɣ | cɔ̤ɔ̤ɣkä | cɔ̤ɔ̤ɣkä | cɔ̤ɔ̤ɣ | cɔ̤ɔ̤ni̤ | cɔ̤ɔ̤ni̤ |
| ash(dung) | lexeme | 1 | puɔ̤k | pukkä | pukkä | puuk | puɔ̤kni̤ | puukni̤ |
| buttock | lexeme | 1 | tat | taatkä | taatkä | tät | taatni̤ | ta̤a̤tni̤ |
| childless widow | lexeme | 1 | kɛ̈ɛ̈ | keekä | keekä | kɛy | kɛyni̤ | kɛ̈yni̤ |
| tree14 | lexeme | 1 | buäw | buɔ̤kä | bɔ̤wkä | bɔ̤ɔ̤w | bɔ̤äwni̤ | bɔ̤äwni̤ |
| tree11 | lexeme | 1 | kɛ̈c | kɛ̈ckä | kɛ̈ckä | kɛɛc | kɛɛcni̤ | kɛɛc |
| cane | lexeme | 1 | rɔany | rɔanykä | rɔanykä | rɔny | rɔnyni̤ | rɔɔny |
| leaf | lexeme | 1 | ji̤thjiath | ji̤thkäjiath | ji̤thkäjiath | ji̤thjiɛn | ji̤thjiɛn | ji̤thni̤jiɛn |
| thief | lexeme | 1 | wa̤n | wa̤a̤nkä | wa̤a̤nkä | wään | wään | wääni̤ |
| child | lexeme | 1 | gat | gatkä | gatkä | gaat | gaan | gaat |
| oxbow lake | lexeme | 1 | lil | lilkä | liɛl | lili̤ | lili̤ | lili̤ |
| monkey | lexeme | 1 | gɔɔk | gɔɔkkä | gɔak | gɔakni̤ | gɔakni̤ | gɔaakni̤ |
| tree01 | lexeme | 1 | kɔar | kɔrkä | kɔar | kɔari̤ | kɔari̤ | kɔaari̤ |
| table | lexeme | 1 | jöŋ | ji̤öŋkä | ji̤o̤ŋ | jöŋni̤ | jöŋni̤ | ji̤o̤ŋni̤ |
| camel | lexeme | 1 | thɔrɔ̤r | thɔrɔ̤rkä | thɔrɔ̤är | thɔrɔ̤li̤ | thɔrɔ̤li̤ | thɔrɔ̤li̤ |
| thief2 | lexeme | 1 | cua̤r | cua̤rkä | cueer | cueer | cueeri̤ | cueeri̤ |
| tamarind | lexeme | 1 | kɔat | kɔtkä | kɔat-ä | kɔt | kɔtni̤ | kɔtni̤ |
| dung | lexeme | 1 | wäär | wäärkä | wa̤a̤r | wer | weri̤ | wär |
| heel | lexeme | 1 | ŋulciök | ŋuulciök | ŋulciökä | ŋulciökni̤ | ŋulciökni̤ | ŋulciökni̤ |
| elbow | lexeme | 1 | ci̤el | ci̤eel | ci̤elä | ci̤eli̤ | ci̤eli̤ | ci̤eli̤ |
| knee | lexeme | 1 | muɔ̤l | mua̤l | mua̤lä | muäl | muäli̤ | muäli̤ |
| ring | lexeme | 1 | nyaŋyɛt | nyaŋyɛt | nyaŋyɛtkä | nyaŋyɛtni̤ | nyaŋyɛtni̤ | nyaŋyɛtni̤ |
| insignif. thing | lexeme | 1 | baŋ | baaŋ | baŋkä | baŋbaaŋni̤ | baŋbaaŋni̤ | baŋbaaŋni̤ |
| locust | lexeme | 1 | kɔryɔm | kɔryɔam | kɔryiömkä | kɔryɔmni̤ | kɔryɔamni̤ | kɔryɔamni̤ |
| eye | lexeme | 1 | waŋ | waŋ | waŋkä | wäŋ | wääŋni̤ | wääŋni̤ |
| nightmare | lexeme | 1 | pa̤r | pa̤r | pärkä | pa̤a̤r | pa̤a̤ri̤ | pa̤a̤ri̤ |
| hair | lexeme | 1 | nhim | nhi̤m | nhi̤mkä | nhiäm | nhiämni̤ | nhiämni̤ |
| dish | lexeme | 1 | tuɔk | tuɔɔk | tuɔɔkä | tuok | tuooni̤ | tuooni̤ |
| brother2 | lexeme | 1 | gatmar | gatmaar | gatkämaar | gaatmar | gaatmaari̤ | gaatmaari̤ |
| cloud/fog | lexeme | 1 | ti̤k | ti̤äk | ti̤kkä | ti̤i̤k | ti̤i̤kni̤ | ti̤i̤kni̤ |
| fruit | lexeme | 1 | dɔji̤äth | dɔji̤äth | dɔkäji̤äth | dɛyjiɛn | dɛyjiɛn | dɛyni̤jiɛn |
| rank 4 | lexeme | 1 | bɔk | bɔk | bɔk | bɔkni̤ | bokni̤ | bokni̤ |
| sister | lexeme | 1 | nyi̤mar | nyi̤mar | nyi̤mar | nyi̤a̤mari̤ | nyi̤a̤mari̤ | nyi̤a̤mari̤ |
| cotton | lexeme | 1 | lath | lath | lath | laathni̤ | la̤a̤thni̤ | laathni̤ |
| sun | lexeme | 1 | cäŋ | cääŋ | cääŋ | cäŋni̤ | cäŋni̤ | cääŋni̤ |
| door | lexeme | 1 | thi̤i̤k | thi̤a̤k | thi̤a̤k | thi̤kni̤ | thi̤a̤kni̤ | thi̤a̤kni̤ |
| tree08 | lexeme | 1 | ŋɔ̤p | ŋɔ̤äp | ŋɔ̤ääp | ŋɔ̤pni̤ | ŋɔ̤pni̤ | ŋɔ̤pni̤ |
| navel | lexeme | 1 | lo̤o̤k | lo̤o̤k | lo̤o̤k | lo̤k | lo̤kni̤ | lo̤o̤kni̤ |
| load | lexeme | 1 | deth | deth | deeth | deeth | dethni̤ | deethni̤ |
| blood | lexeme | 1 | riɛm | riɛm | riɛ̈m | rim | rimni̤ | rimni̤ |
| nose | lexeme | 1 | wum | wuɔ̤m | wuɔ̤m | wuum | wuumni̤ | wuumni̤ |
| desert | lexeme | 1 | pan | paan | paan | paan | paani̤ | pa̤a̤ni̤ |
| necklace | lexeme | 1 | tiik | tiɛ̈k | tiɛ̈k | tiɛ̈k | ti̤ɛ̈kni̤ | ti̤ɛ̈kni̤ |
| dog | lexeme | 1 | jiök | jio̤k | jio̤o̤k | ji̤öök | ji̤o̤o̤ni̤ | ji̤o̤o̤ni̤ |
| tortoise | lexeme | 1 | kuɛ̈ɛ̈t | kuɛ̈ɛ̈t | kuɛ̈ɛ̈t | kuɛt | kuɛtni̤ | kuɛ̈ɛ̈t |
| Nov/Dec/Jan | lexeme | 1 | ji̤o̤m | ji̤o̤m | jiɔm | jiam | ji̤ɔ̤mni̤ | jiam |
| barn | lexeme | 1 | luak | luaak | luak | lueek | lueekni̤ | luaak |
| fish | lexeme | 1 | rɛc | räc | räc | rɛɛc | rɛɛcni̤ | rɛɛc |
| goat2 | lexeme | 1 | dɛl | dɛ̈ɛ̈l | dɛ̈ɛ̈l | det | dëëtni̤ | deet |
| May/Jun/Jul | lexeme | 1 | ruel | ruel | ruel | ruël | ruël | ruëli̤ |
| milk | lexeme | 1 | cak | caak | caak | ca̤k | ca̤k | ca̤kni̤ |
| bird | lexeme | 1 | dit | diɛt | diɛt | diit | diin | diitni̤ |
| conflict | lexeme | 1 | tɛr | tɛr | tɛr | tɛɛr | tɛɛr | tɛɛr |
| food | lexeme | 1 | kuän | kuän | kuän | kuan | kuaan | kuaan |
| woman | lexeme | 1 | ciek | ciek | ciek | män | mään | mään |
| tooth | lexeme | 1 | lec | lec | läy | lɛɛc | lɛɛc | lɛc |
| girl | lexeme | 1 | nyal | nyal | nyaal | nyi̤är | nyi̤ät | nyi̤ät |
| fingernail | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| front of body | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| mountain | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| lung | suffix | 3 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| tree15 | suffix | 3 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| rank 2 | suffix | 6 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| wind | suffix | 6 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| color | suffix | 22 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| mouse | suffix | 2 | zero | a | a | ni | ni | ni |
| basket | suffix | 2 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| head | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| pot | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| shoulder | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| chest | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| mouth | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| lion | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| meat | suffix | 2 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| steamer | suffix | 3 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| injection | suffix | 3 | zero | ka | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| chin | suffix | 3 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| slap | suffix | 4 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| sneeze | suffix | 4 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| potato | suffix | 4 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| egret | suffix | 6 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| tiger | suffix | 6 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| chair | suffix | 8 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| skin | suffix | 11 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| vulture | suffix | 11 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| flower | suffix | 22 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| tongue | suffix | 27 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| umbilical cord | suffix | 1 | zero | a | a | ni | ni | ni |
| itinerant | suffix | 1 | zero | a | a | ni | ni | ni |
| size | suffix | 1 | zero | a | a | zero | ni | ni |
| leg | suffix | 1 | zero | a | a | zero | ni | ni |
| peace | suffix | 1 | zero | a | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| sky | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | a | ni | ni | ni |
| pail | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | a | ni | ni | ni |
| arm(upper) | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | a | zero | ni | ni |
| judge2 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | a | zero | ni | ni |
| goat | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| September | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| cup2 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| rank 3 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| hunter/bow | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| water plant | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| hoof | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | ni | zero | ni |
| bag | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ka | ni |
| spit from cough | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| narrows | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| valley | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| bone | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| ash(dung) | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| buttock | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| childless widow | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| tree14 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| tree11 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | zero |
| cane | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | ni | zero |
| leaf | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | zero | ni |
| thief | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | zero | ni |
| child | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | ka | zero | zero | zero |
| oxbow lake | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| monkey | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| tree01 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| table | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| camel | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| thief2 | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| tamarind | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| dung | suffix | 1 | zero | ka | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| heel | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | a | ni | ni | ni |
| elbow | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | a | ni | ni | ni |
| knee | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | a | zero | ni | ni |
| ring | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| insignif. thing | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| locust | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | ni | ni | ni |
| eye | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| nightmare | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| hair | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| dish | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| brother2 | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| cloud/fog | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | ni | ni |
| fruit | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | ka | zero | zero | ni |
| rank 4 | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| sister | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| cotton | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| sun | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| door | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| tree08 | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni | ni |
| navel | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| load | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| blood | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| nose | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| desert | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| necklace | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| dog | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | ni |
| tortoise | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| Nov/Dec/Jan | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| barn | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| fish | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| goat2 | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni | zero |
| May/Jun/Jul | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni |
| milk | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni |
| bird | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | ni |
| conflict | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| food | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| woman | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| tooth | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| girl | suffix | 1 | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero | zero |
| fingernail | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| front of body | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 |
| mountain | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem2 |
| lung | stem | 3 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| tree15 | stem | 3 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| rank 2 | stem | 6 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| wind | stem | 6 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| color | stem | 22 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| mouse | stem | 2 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| basket | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| head | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| pot | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| shoulder | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| chest | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| mouth | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| lion | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| meat | stem | 2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| steamer | stem | 3 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| injection | stem | 3 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| chin | stem | 3 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| slap | stem | 4 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| sneeze | stem | 4 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| potato | stem | 4 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| egret | stem | 6 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| tiger | stem | 6 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| chair | stem | 8 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| skin | stem | 11 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| vulture | stem | 11 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| flower | stem | 22 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| tongue | stem | 27 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| umbilical cord | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 |
| itinerant | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem4 | #stem4 | #stem5 |
| size | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 |
| leg | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| peace | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| sky | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| pail | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| arm(upper) | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| judge2 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| goat | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 |
| September | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| cup2 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| rank 3 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| hunter/bow | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| water plant | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 |
| hoof | stem | 1 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| bag | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem1 | #stem5 |
| spit from cough | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 |
| narrows | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| valley | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 |
| bone | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| ash(dung) | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 | #stem3 |
| buttock | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| childless widow | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| tree14 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem5 | #stem5 |
| tree11 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| cane | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 |
| leaf | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| thief | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| child | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 |
| oxbow lake | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| monkey | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| tree01 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| table | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem3 |
| camel | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| thief2 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| tamarind | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| dung | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| heel | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| elbow | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| knee | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| ring | stem | 1 | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| insignif. thing | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| locust | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| eye | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| nightmare | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| hair | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| dish | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| brother2 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| cloud/fog | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
| fruit | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| rank 4 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| sister | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| cotton | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 |
| sun | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 |
| door | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| tree08 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| navel | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 |
| load | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 |
| blood | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| nose | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| desert | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 |
| necklace | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| dog | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem5 | #stem5 |
| tortoise | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 |
| Nov/Dec/Jan | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem3 |
| barn | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| fish | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| goat2 | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem5 |
| May/Jun/Jul | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| milk | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| bird | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem3 |
| conflict | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 |
| food | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem2 |
| woman | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 |
| tooth | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem3 | #stem4 |
| girl | stem | 1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem3 | #stem4 | #stem4 |
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | valence | 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ptcp prs | ptcp pst |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be awake | lexeme | intr | jënä | jëni | jënɛ | jënkɔ | jëne | jënkɛ | jën | jën |
| be late | lexeme | intr | jȧȧnyä | jäänyi | jäänyɛ | jȧȧnykɔ | jȧȧnye | jäänykɛ | jääny | jääny |
| bend down | lexeme | intr | boɔɔnyä | boonyi | boonyɛ | boɔɔnykɔ | boɔɔnye | boonykɛ | boony | boony |
| discuss | lexeme | tr | kɛɛarä | kɛɛri | kɛɛrɛ | kɛɛarkɔ | kɛɛare | kɛɛarkɛ | kɛɛr | kɛɛr |
| doze | lexeme | intr | dɔɔalä | dɔɔli | dɔɔlɛ | dɔalkɔ | dɔale | dɔɔlkɛ | dɔɔl | dɔɔl |
| entrust | lexeme | tr | kweerä | kwiiri | kwiirɛ | kweerkɔ | kweere | kweerkɛ | kwiir | kwėr |
| fold | lexeme | tr | baanä | baani | baanɛ | bankɔ | bane | bankɛ | ban | ban |
| intensify | lexeme | tr | dieelä | diili | diilɛ | dielkɔ | diele | dielkɛ | dil | dil |
| mistake | lexeme | tr | gwɛɛalä | gweeli | gweelɛ | gwɛalkɔ | gwɛale | gwɛalkɛ | gwɛl | gwɛl |
| overthrow | lexeme | tr | boɔɔŋä | booŋi | booŋɛ | boɔŋkɔ | boɔŋe | boɔŋkɛ | booŋ | booŋ |
| rake | lexeme | tr | thɔalä | thɔli | thɔlɛ | thɔalkɔ | thɔale | thɔalkɛ | thɔl | thɔal |
| slander | lexeme | tr | nɛɛarä | nɛɛri | nɛɛrɛ | nɛarkɔ | nɛare | nɛarkɛ | nɛr | nɛr |
| think about | lexeme | tr | caarä | caari | caarɛ | caarkɔ | caare | caarkɛ | caar | caar |
| die | lexeme | intr | liewä | liwi | liwɛ | liewkɔ | liewe | liukɛ | liu | liu |
| be awake | stem vowel length | intr | short | short | short | short | short | short | short | short |
| be late | stem vowel length | intr | long | long | long | long | long | long | long | long |
| bend down | stem vowel length | intr | long | long | long | long | long | long | long | long |
| discuss | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | long | long | long | long | long |
| doze | stem vowel length | intr | long | long | long | short | short | long | long | long |
| entrust | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | long | long | long | long | short |
| fold | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | short | short | short | short | short |
| intensify | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | short | short | short | short | short |
| mistake | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | short | short | short | short | short |
| overthrow | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | short | short | short | long | long |
| rake | stem vowel length | tr | short | short | short | short | short | short | short | short |
| slander | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | short | short | short | short | short |
| think about | stem vowel length | tr | long | long | long | long | long | long | long | long |
| die | stem vowel quality | intr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 | V2 |
| be awake | stem vowel quality | intr | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 |
| be late | stem vowel quality | intr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 | V2 |
| bend down | stem vowel quality | intr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 | V2 |
| discuss | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 |
| doze | stem vowel quality | intr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 | V2 |
| entrust | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V1 |
| fold | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 |
| intensify | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 |
| mistake | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V3 | V3 |
| overthrow | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 |
| rake | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V1 |
| slander | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V2 | V2 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V2 | V2 |
| think about | stem vowel quality | tr | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 |
| die | stem vowel length | intr | short | short | short | short | short | short | short | short |
| die | suffix | intr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| be awake | suffix | intr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| be late | suffix | intr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| bend down | suffix | intr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| discuss | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| doze | suffix | intr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| entrust | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| fold | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| intensify | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| mistake | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| overthrow | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| rake | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| slander | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
| think about | suffix | tr | ä | i | ɛ | kɔ | e | kɛ | zero | zero |
Nuer notes
- Data on nouns is taken from Frank (1999), verbs from Crazzolara (1933). Crazzolara gives information on tone, but the picture of tone phonology is not fully worked out, and it is difficult to compare the possible distribution of tone patterns with other aspects of the paradigm. The general rule is that if there is a tonal alternation, it opposes the singular subject forms to the plural subject forms.
- The vowel quality alternation labelled here V1 ~ V2 is predictable, given the quality of V1.
Orthographic notes
- The sequence /a/ ~ /ȧ/ ~ /ä/ represents relatively front to relatively back versions of /a/.
References
Crazzolara, Joseph Pasquale. 1933. Outlines of a Nuer grammar. Vienna: Anthropos.
Frank, Wright Jay. 1999. Nuer noun morphology. Buffalo: State University of New York M.A. thesis. Online: http://wings.buffalo.edu/linguistics/people/students/ma_theses/wright/fwrightmathesis.pdf.