Purepecha

Language

Purepecha

Family

Tarascan

Ethnologue

tsz

ISO

tsz

glottolog_id

pure1242

Verbs table

gloss	layer	1 sg	2 sg	3 sg	1 pl	2 pl	3 pl	1 sg sbjv	2 sg sbjv	3 sg sbjv	1 pl sbjv	2 pl sbjv	3 pl sbjv	1 sg interr	2 sg interr	3 sg interr	1 pl interr	2 pl interr	3 pl interr
sing	suffix	ka	ka	ti	ka	ka	ti	ki	ki	ki	ki	ki	ki	ka	ka	ka	ka	ka	ka
sing	enclitic	ni	ri	zero	kxï	ts’ï	kxï	ni	ri	zero	kxï	ts’ï	kxï	ni	ri	zero	kxï	ts’ï	kxï
sing	lexeme	pirikani	pirikari	piriti	pirikakxï	pirikats’ï	piritikxï	pirikini	pirikiri	piriki	pirikikxï	pirikits’ï	pirikikxï	pirikani	pirikari	pirika	pirikakxï	pirikats’ï	pirikakxï

Purepecha notes

• The forms shown here are in the unmarked tense. There is a large TAM paradigm that involves affixes intervening between the stem and the subject marking suffixes.
• The subject-marking enclitic may be attached to the verb (as illustrated here, following Chamoreau's presentation), but may occur in other postions as well. Originally they were 2nd position enclitics, but they are increasingly appearing attached to the predicate, whatever its position in the sentence (Chamoreau 2014: 133), so in a sense they might be seen as incipiant verb suffixes.

• Object marking enclitics are composed largely of the same elements as the subject marker, but with the values shifted

  	subject suffix	object enclitic
  1sg	ni	rini
  2sg	ri	kini
  3sg	Ø	Ø
  1pl	kxï	ts’ïni
  2pl	ts’ï	kxïni
  3pl	kxï	kxïni

  Note that in the case of the object enclitics, plurality is assessed over both subject and object; e.g. '1pl' is either a 1st person plural object, or a 1st person singular object with a plural subject.

Orthographic note

• x represents a fricative /š/.

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References

Chamoreau, Claudine. 2014. Enclitics in Purepecha: Variation and split localization. In Jean Léo Leonard & Alain Kihm (eds)Patterns in Mesoamerican morphology, pp. 119-43. Paris: Michel Houdiard.

Chamoreau, Claudine. 2000. Grammaire du Purépecha. (LINCOM Studies in Native American Linguistics, 34.) München: Lincom.