Raramuri
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | appl | ass mot | caus | cond | cond pass | desid | epis | evid | fut sg | fut pl | fut pass | ger | hab pass | imp sg | imp pl | ipfv | irr sg | irr pl | imp mot | pst 1 | pst 2 | pst 3 | pst pass | pot | prog | report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask for | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| endure | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| learn | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| scratch | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem |
| buy | stem | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem1 | #stem2 | #stem1 | #stem1 |
| ask for | suffix | ki | simi | ti | sa | suwa | nare | o | čane | ma | bo | pa | ka | wa | sa | si | i | me | pi | me | ki | ri | ri | ru | ta | a | ra |
| buy | suffix | ki | simi | ti | sa | suwa | nare | o | čane | mea | bo | pa | ka | wa | sa | si | i | me | pi | me | ki | ri | ri | ru | ta | a | ra |
| endure | suffix | ki | simi | ti | sa | suwa | nare | o | čane | ma | bo | pa | ka | wa | sa | si | i | me | pi | me | ki | ri | ri | ru | ta | a | ra |
| learn | suffix | ki | simi | ti | sa | suwa | nare | o | čane | ma | bo | pa | ka | wa | sa | si | i | me | pi | me | ki | ri | ri | ru | ta | a | ra |
| scratch | suffix | ki | simi | ti | sa | suwa | nare | o | čane | mea | bo | pa | ka | wa | sa | si | i | me | pi | me | ki | ri | ri | ru | ta | a | ra |
| buy | stress | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | suffix | suffix | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | stem-final |
| learn | stress | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final |
| scratch | stress | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | suffix | suffix | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | suffix | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | suffix | stem-final | stem-final |
| ask for | stress | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult |
| endure | stress | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-final | stem-penult | stem-final | stem-penult | stem-final | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-penult | stem-final | stem-penult | stem-penult |
| scratch | lexeme | sukúki | sukúsimi | sukúti | sukusá | sukusúwa | sukunáre | sukúo | sukúčane | sukuméa | sukubó | sukupá | sukuká | sukuwá | sukusá | sukusí | sukúi | sukumé | sukúpi | sukumé | sukúki | sukúri | sukúri | sukúru | sukutá | sukúa | sukúra |
| ask for | lexeme | tánima | tániri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| buy | lexeme | rarisá | rarináre | rariméa | rarái | rarári | rarári | rarirú | raráa | ||||||||||||||||||
| endure | lexeme | anáčati | anačása | anačánare | anačáma | anačába | anáčai | anáčaki | anáčari | anáčari | |||||||||||||||||
| learn | lexeme | benésa | benénare | benéma | benéi | benéri | benéri | benéru | benéa |
Rarámuri notes
Caballero accounts for the different inflection classes of verbs based on properties of the stem and properties of the suffixes.
- Stems may be inherently stressed or unstressed, and suffixes likewise.
- With stressed stems the place of stress is fixed throughout the paradigm.
- With unstressed stems the place of stress is determined by the
properties of the suffixes. In the typical case, with disyllabic
stems, stress falls on the inherently stressed suffixes, otherwise
on the stem-final syllable. With trisyllabic stems the same pattern
is shifted one syllable towards the beginning of the word; there is
also a small class of disyllabic verbs (historically trisyllabic)
that behave this way.
- Multiple suffixation occurs, in which case it is the first suffix that determines the stress of the word form with unstressed stems.
- Within the unstressed stems there is a subclass that undergoes raising of the stem-final vowel (to /i/) where this is unstressed.
Aside from distinctions due to stress, there are also lexically-specified distinctions in suffixation, involving the choice between fortis and lenis variants of the suffix-initial consonant, e.g. wiči-bo 'wash(clothes)-fut.pl' vs. pako-po 'wash(dishes)-fut.pl' (Caballero 2008: 46). Caballero discusses this, but there are not enough examples to tell how this correlates with the stress-based inflection class distinctions, so it is not systematically represented in the database.
References
Caballero, Gabriela. 2008. Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara) Phonology and Morphology. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley.