Skou

Language

Skou

Family

Skou

Ethnologue

skv

ISO

skv

glottolog_id

nucl1634

Verbs table

gloss	layer	1 sg	2 sg	3 sg m	3 sg f	1 pl	2 pl	3 pl
ask	lexeme	héng	méng	kéng	péng	néng	héng	téng
ask	prefix	h	m	k	w	n	h	t
ask	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
be afraid	lexeme	fue	fue	fue	fu	fue	fue	fe
be afraid	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
be afraid	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
call	lexeme	wa	ma	wa	wa	wa	wa	wa
call	prefix	w	m	w	w	w	w	w
call	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
carry	lexeme	ká	má	ká	pú	ná	á	tú
carry	prefix	k	m	k	p	n	zero	t
carry	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V2
chase	lexeme	háyu	máyu	káyu	púyu	náyu	háyu	túyu
chase	prefix	h	m	k	p	n	h	t
chase	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
chop (f object)	lexeme	làng	pàng	làng	wàng	yàng	làng	yàng
chop (f object)	prefix	l	p	l	w	y	l	y
chop (f object)	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
chop down	lexeme	lé	pé	lé	wí	lé	lé	tí
chop down	prefix	l	p	l	w	l	l	t
chop down	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V2
close	lexeme	há	má	ká	wá	ná	há	já
close	prefix	h	m	k	w	n	h	j
close	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
come	lexeme	loe	poe	toe	toe	toe	loe	toe
come	prefix	l	p	t	t	t	l	t
come	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
complain	lexeme	ì lú	ì pú	ì lú	ì rú	ì rú	ì lú	ì rí
complain	prefix	l	p	l	r	r	l	r
complain	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V2
cry	lexeme	fue	fue	fue	fu	fue	fue	fue
cry	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
cry	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
die 1	lexeme	wang	wang	wang	wang	wang	wang	wing
die 1	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
die 1	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V2
die 2	lexeme	wung	wung	wung	pang	wung	wung	bing
die 2	prefix	w	w	w	p	w	w	b
die 2	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
dig	lexeme	kúe	kúe	kúe	kúe	kúe	kúe	kí
dig	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
dig	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V2
do	lexeme	li	pi	li	tue	ti	li	ti
do	prefix	l	p	l	t	t	l	t
do	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
drink	lexeme	kung	mung	kung	wung	nung	hung	yung
drink	prefix	k	m	k	w	n	h	y
drink	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
drink	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
get	lexeme	ké	bé	ké	wé	ké	ké	kí
get	prefix	k	b	k	w	k	k	k
get	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V2
get (f object)	lexeme	wé	pé	wé	pé	wé	wé	wé
get (f object)	prefix	w	p	w	w	w	w	w
get (f object)	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
go west	lexeme	hi	mi	ki	wi	ni	hi	hi
go west	prefix	h	m	k	w	n	h	h
go west	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
hide	lexeme	lèng	pèng	lèng	wèng	rèng	lèng	rèng
hide	prefix	l	p	l	w	r	l	r
hide	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
hide (transitive)	lexeme	leng	peng	leng	peng	reng	leng	reng
hide (transitive)	prefix	l	p	l	p	r	l	r
hide (transitive)	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
hit (f object)	lexeme	láng	páng	láng	wáng	táng	láng	táng
hit (f object)	prefix	l	p	l	w	t	l	t
hit (f object)	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
hit 1	lexeme	ká	bá	ká	wá	ká	ká	já
hit 1	prefix	k	b	k	w	k	k	j
hit 1	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
jump	lexeme	òe	òe	òe	ò	òe	òe	òe
jump	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
jump	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V
narrate	lexeme	lang	pang	lang	wang	tang	lang	jang
narrate	prefix	l	p	l	w	t	l	j
narrate	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
pick	lexeme	lóe	póe	lóe	rúe	róe	lóe	róe
pick	prefix	l	p	l	r	r	l	r
pick	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V
raise	lexeme	a	ma	ka	pu	na	a	tu
raise	prefix	zero	m	k	p	n	zero	t
raise	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V2
refuse	lexeme	ne	me	ke	pe	ne	e	te
refuse	prefix	n	m	k	p	n	zero	t
refuse	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
remember	lexeme	oeng	moeng	koeng	ong	oeng	oeng	eng
remember	prefix	zero	m	k	zero	zero	zero	zero
remember	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
return	lexeme	moe	moe	moe	moe	moe	moe	me
return	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
return	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V2
shave	lexeme	lóe	póe	lóe	rúe	róe	lóe	rí
shave	prefix	l	p	l	r	r	l	r
shave	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
sit	lexeme	moeng	moeng	moeng	mong	moeng	moeng	meng
sit	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
sit	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
sleep	lexeme	lú	lú	lú	ló	lú	lú	lé
sleep	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
sleep	stem vowel	V	V	V	V2	V	V	V3
stand	lexeme	i	me	i	e	ne	e	e
stand	prefix	zero	m	zero	zero	n	zero	zero
stand	stem vowel	V	V2	V	V2	V2	V2	V2
tread on	lexeme	hue	mue	kue	wue	bue	hue	yue
tread on	prefix	h	m	k	w	b	h	y
tread on	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
utter	lexeme	lá	pá	lá	wá	lá	lá	lá
utter	prefix	l	p	l	w	l	l	l
utter	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
walk	lexeme	ha	ma	ka	wa	na	ha	ya
walk	prefix	h	m	k	w	n	h	y
walk	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
work	lexeme	lóe	póe	lóe	póe	tóe	lóe	tóe
work	prefix	l	p	l	p	t	l	t
work	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
forget	lexeme	peng	peng	peng	peng	peng	peng	peng
forget	prefix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero
forget	stem vowel	V	V	V	V	V	V	V

Skou notes

• Alongside the inflected forms shown, verbs always take a proclitic subject marker, which is the same as the free pronoun, and does not vary across verbs. Note that in Donohue's terminology, the two genders are 'feminine' and 'non-feminine'; the latter is called 'masculine' here.

  	singular	plural
  1	nì	ne
  2	mè	e
  3 m	ke	te
  3 f	pe

• 2. A prefixal alternation is found with approximately two thirds of the verbal lexicon, typically with a fixed stem vowel. The vowel alternation is correlated with the S argument, i.e. subject of intransitive verb or object of transitive. In the case of transitive verbs that show this alternation, Donohue (2002) provides paradigms of forms with feminine singular objects.
• A few verbs show a bipartite structure, as if they were a sequence of two verbs, either or which or both may involve prefixal or stem vowel alternations; these are not shown in the database. Most of the examples given involve the concatenation of types shown here, with the exception of 'hammer', which has a unique vowel pattern in its first element (a singular ~ plural alternation in the 1st and 3rd persons only):

  	singular	plural
  1	luhí	roní
  2	pumí	luhí
  3 m	lukí	rojí
  3 f	ruwí

• TAM inflection involves tone and reduplication (as well as auxiliaries), and appears to be consistent across the lexicon. The paradigms shown are in the unmarked TAM form; as Donohue does not give paradigms for the entire range of TAM forms, no attempt is made here to do so.

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References

Donohue, Mark. 2005. Draft of Skou reference grammar.Online: http://papuan.linguistics.anu.edu.au/Skou.

Donohue, Mark. 2002. Skou dictionary draft. Online: http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:402717:3.