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Sye

Language
Sye

Family
Austronesian

Ethnologue

ISO

glottolog_id

Verbs table

gloss layer imp sg imp pl rec pst 1sg rec pst 2sg rec pst 3sg rec pst 1incl du rec pst 1 du rec pst 1incl pl rec pst 1 pl rec pst 2 pl rec pst 3 pl pst cont 1sg pst cont 2sg pst cont 3sg prs cont 1incl du prs cont 1 du prs cont 1incl pl prs cont 1 pl prs cont 2 pl prs cont 3 pl prs 1sg prs cont 2sg prs 3sg prs 1incl du prs 1 du prs 1incl pl prs 1 pl prs 2 pl prs 3 pl fut 1sg fut 2sg fut 3sg fut 1incl du fut 1 du fut 1incl pl fut 1 pl fut 2 pl fut 3 pl dist pst 1sg dist pst 2sg dist pst 3sg dist pst 1incl du dist pst 1 du dist pst 1incl pl dist pst 1 pl dist pst 2 pl dist pst 3 pl pst hab 1sg option_1 pst hab 2sg option_1 pst hab 3sg option_1 pst hab 1incl du option_1 pst hab 1 du option_1 pst hab 1incl pl option_1 pst hab 1 pl option_1 pst hab 2 pl option_1 pst hab 3 pl option_1 pst hab 1sg option_2 pst hab 2sg option_2 pst hab 3sg option_2 pst hab 1incl du option_2 pst hab 1 du option_2 pst hab 1incl pl option_2 pst hab 1 pl option_2 pst hab 2 pl option_2 pst hab 3 pl option_2 dep pst 1sg dep pst 2sg dep pst 3sg dep pst 1incl du dep pst 1 du dep pst 1incl pl dep pst 1 pl dep pst 2 pl dep pst 3 pl opt 1sg opt 2sg opt 3sg opt 1incl du opt 1 du opt 1incl pl opt 1 pl opt 2 pl opt 3 pl real cond 1sg real cond 2sg real cond 3sg real cond 1incl du real cond 1 du real cond 1incl pl real cond 1 pl real cond 2 pl real cond 3 pl sbjv 1sg sbjv 2sg sbjv 3sg sbjv 1incl du sbjv 1 du sbjv 1incl pl sbjv 1 pl sbjv 2 pl sbjv 3 pl counterass 1sg counterass 2sg counterass 3sg counterass 1incl du counterass 1 du counterass 1incl pl counterass 1 pl counterass 2 pl counterass 3 pl irreal cond 1sg irreal cond 2sg irreal cond 3sg irreal cond 1incl du irreal cond 1 du irreal cond 1incl pl irreal cond 1 pl irreal cond 2 pl irreal cond 3 pl imp sg same_sbj imp pl same_sbj rec pst sg same_sbj rec pst 1incl du same_sbj rec pst 1 du same_sbj rec pst 1incl pl same_sbj rec pst 1 pl same_sbj rec pst 2 pl same_sbj rec pst 3 pl same_sbj pst cont sg same_sbj prs cont 1incl du same_sbj prs cont 1 du same_sbj prs cont 1incl pl same_sbj prs cont 1 pl same_sbj prs cont 2 pl same_sbj prs cont 3 pl same_sbj prs sg same_sbj prs 1incl du same_sbj prs 1 du same_sbj prs 1incl pl same_sbj prs 1 pl same_sbj prs 2 pl same_sbj prs 3 pl same_sbj fut sg same_sbj fut 1incl du same_sbj fut 1 du same_sbj fut 1incl pl same_sbj fut 1 pl same_sbj fut 2 pl same_sbj fut 3 pl same_sbj dist pst sg same_sbj dist pst 1incl du same_sbj dist pst 1 du same_sbj dist pst 1incl pl same_sbj dist pst 1 pl same_sbj dist pst 2 pl same_sbj dist pst 3 pl same_sbj pst hab sg same_sbj pst hab 1incl du same_sbj pst hab 1 du same_sbj pst hab 1incl pl same_sbj pst hab 1 pl same_sbj pst hab 2 pl same_sbj pst hab 3 pl same_sbj dep pst sg same_sbj dep pst 1incl du same_sbj dep pst 1 du same_sbj dep pst 1incl pl same_sbj dep pst 1 pl same_sbj dep pst 2 pl same_sbj dep pst 3 pl same_sbj opt sg same_sbj opt 1incl du same_sbj opt 1 du same_sbj opt 1incl pl same_sbj opt 1 pl same_sbj opt 2 pl same_sbj opt 3 pl same_sbj real cond sg same_sbj real cond 1incl du same_sbj real cond 1 du same_sbj real cond 1incl pl same_sbj real cond 1 pl same_sbj real cond 2 pl same_sbj real cond 3 pl same_sbj sbjv sg same_sbj sbjv 1incl du same_sbj sbjv 1 du same_sbj sbjv 1incl pl same_sbj sbjv 1 pl same_sbj sbjv 2 pl same_sbj sbjv 3 pl same_sbj counterass sg same_sbj counterass 1incl du same_sbj counterass 1 du same_sbj counterass 1incl pl same_sbj counterass 1 pl same_sbj counterass 2 pl same_sbj counterass 3 pl same_sbj irreal cond sg same_sbj irreal cond 1incl du same_sbj irreal cond 1 du same_sbj irreal cond 1incl pl same_sbj irreal cond 1 pl same_sbj irreal cond 2 pl same_sbj irreal cond 3 pl same_sbj
ascend lexeme yocohac kolehac mhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac
ascend prefix 1 zero u yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo kokwo kakwo kokle kakle kwo ɣwo yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yapi kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yapi kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yaki kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yakini kini ni konu kanu konli kanli kinu nu yakini kini ni konu kanu konli kanli kinu nu zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero
ascend prefix 2 zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero em em em emu emu emli emli emu emu eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo em em em emu emu emli emli emu emu zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo m mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo
ascend stem #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic
laugh lexeme kokutovop yocontovopkontovop kokwontovop mtovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop
laugh prefix 1 zero u yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo koku kaku kokli kakli ku ɣu yaɣo ko ɣo kokwo kakwo kokle kakle kwo ɣwo yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yam kim yi komu kamu komli kamli kimu ndu yapi kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yapi kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yaki kipi pi kopu kapu kopli kapli kipu pu yakini kini ni konu kanu konli kanli kinu nu yakini kini ni konu kanu konli kanli kinu nu zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero
laugh prefix 2 zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero em em em emu emu emli emli emu emu eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo em em em emu emu emli emli emu emu zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero eme eme eme emo emo emle emle emo emo m mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo
laugh stem #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified

Verbs samesubject table

gloss layer imp sg same_sbj imp pl same_sbj rec pst sg same_sbj rec pst 1incl du same_sbj rec pst 1 du same_sbj rec pst 1incl pl same_sbj rec pst 1 pl same_sbj rec pst 2 pl same_sbj rec pst 3 pl same_sbj pst cont sg same_sbj prs cont 1incl du same_sbj prs cont 1 du same_sbj prs cont 1incl pl same_sbj prs cont 1 pl same_sbj prs cont 2 pl same_sbj prs cont 3 pl same_sbj prs sg same_sbj prs 1incl du same_sbj prs 1 du same_sbj prs 1incl pl same_sbj prs 1 pl same_sbj prs 2 pl same_sbj prs 3 pl same_sbj fut sg same_sbj fut 1incl du same_sbj fut 1 du same_sbj fut 1incl pl same_sbj fut 1 pl same_sbj fut 2 pl same_sbj fut 3 pl same_sbj dist pst sg same_sbj dist pst 1incl du same_sbj dist pst 1 du same_sbj dist pst 1incl pl same_sbj dist pst 1 pl same_sbj dist pst 2 pl same_sbj dist pst 3 pl same_sbj pst hab sg same_sbj pst hab 1incl du same_sbj pst hab 1 du same_sbj pst hab 1incl pl same_sbj pst hab 1 pl same_sbj pst hab 2 pl same_sbj pst hab 3 pl same_sbj dep pst sg same_sbj dep pst 1incl du same_sbj dep pst 1 du same_sbj dep pst 1incl pl same_sbj dep pst 1 pl same_sbj dep pst 2 pl same_sbj dep pst 3 pl same_sbj opt sg same_sbj opt 1incl du same_sbj opt 1 du same_sbj opt 1incl pl same_sbj opt 1 pl same_sbj opt 2 pl same_sbj opt 3 pl same_sbj real cond sg same_sbj real cond 1incl du same_sbj real cond 1 du same_sbj real cond 1incl pl same_sbj real cond 1 pl same_sbj real cond 2 pl same_sbj real cond 3 pl same_sbj sbjv sg same_sbj sbjv 1incl du same_sbj sbjv 1 du same_sbj sbjv 1incl pl same_sbj sbjv 1 pl same_sbj sbjv 2 pl same_sbj sbjv 3 pl same_sbj counterass sg same_sbj counterass 1incl du same_sbj counterass 1 du same_sbj counterass 1incl pl same_sbj counterass 1 pl same_sbj counterass 2 pl same_sbj counterass 3 pl same_sbj irreal cond sg same_sbj irreal cond 1incl du same_sbj irreal cond 1 du same_sbj irreal cond 1incl pl same_sbj irreal cond 1 pl same_sbj irreal cond 2 pl same_sbj irreal cond 3 pl same_sbj
ascend lexeme mhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mhac muhac muhac mlihac mlihac muhac muhac mehac mohac mohac mlihac mlihac mohac mohac
ascend prefix 1 zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero
ascend prefix 2 m mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo
ascend stem #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic
laugh lexeme mtovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mtovop mutovop mutovop mlitovop mlitovop mutovop mutovop mentovop montovop montovop mlintovop mlintovop montovop montovop
laugh prefix 1 zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero
laugh prefix 2 m mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo m mu mu mli mli mu mu m mu mu mli mli mu mu me mo mo mle mle mo mo
laugh stem #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #basic #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified #modified

Sye notes

  • In the practical orthography employed by Crowley (1998), c = /ɣ/ and g = /ŋ/. The database uses these latter symbols.
  • Many verbs have two root forms, which Crowley (1998) calls 'basic' and 'modified'. Modified roots may involve simple prefixation of n-, or more complex and idiosyncratic changes (involving prefixation of a nasal, various assimilation processes, and further prefixation of a- on top of that, e.g. evsoraemsor 'wake up' or oɣepaŋɣep 'fly' (orthographically ocepagcep). Which type a verb will belong to is in part phonologically determined:

    Verb initial segment alternaton type
    g, h, l, m, n, s, w, y, w non-alternating
    a, i, u or r, t simple n-prefixation
    p, m, v complex (‘strong verbs’)
    e, o either simple n-prefixation or complex

    The pattern of alternation is the same regardless of its realization. The database represents an alternating type ('laugh') and a non-alternating type ('ascend'). - Historically the distinction between basic and modified might have one of realis versus irrelalis, but if so, it is no longer the case (Crowley 1998: 80, fn 2). The pattern of alternation must be morphologically specified. - The same subject verb prefix displays allomorphy corresponding to the distinction between basic and modified root contexts, but is independent of any actual stem alternation. The same is presumably true of what Crowley terms the EM prefix (here 'prefix 2'), since they are nearly identical, but Crowley does not state so overtly. - The past habitual has two variants, with and without an EM prefix. The variant with it is more common, the one without is found with older speakers (Crowley 1998: 113).


References

Crowley, Terry. 1998.An Erromangan (Sye) Grammar. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication 27.