Telugu
Nouns table
| gloss | layer | animacy | stem phonology | nom sg | gen sg | acc sg | dat sg | nom pl | gen pl | acc pl | dat pl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dog | lexeme | animate | default | kukka | kukka | kukkani | kukkaki | kukkalu | kukkala | kukkalani | kukkalaki |
| dog | stem | animate | default | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 |
| dog | suffix 1 | animate | default | zero | zero | zero | zero | lu | la | la | la |
| dog | suffix 2 | animate | default | zero | zero | ni | ki | zero | zero | ni | ki |
| field with crop | lexeme | inanimate | [apical]u-final | ceenu | ceeni | ceenu | ceeniki | ceelu | ceela | ceelu | ceelaki |
| field with crop | stem | inanimate | [apical]u-final | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 |
| field with crop | suffix 1 | inanimate | [apical]u-final | zero | i | zero | i | lu | la | lu | la |
| field with crop | suffix 2 | inanimate | [apical]u-final | zero | zero | ni | ki | zero | zero | zero | ki |
| friend | lexeme | animate human | [apical]u-final | sneehituɖu | sneehituɖi | sneehituɳɳi | sneehituɖiki | sneehitulu | sneehitula | sneehitulani | sneehitulaki |
| friend | stem | animate human | [apical]u-final | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 |
| friend | suffix 1 | animate human | [apical]u-final | zero | zero | i | i | lu | la | la | la |
| friend | suffix 2 | animate human | [apical]u-final | zero | zero | ni | ki | zero | zero | ni | ki |
| hand | lexeme | inanimate | y-final disyllabic | ceyyi | ceeti | ceyyi | ceetiki | ceetulu | ceetula | ceetulu | ceetulaki |
| hand | stem | inanimate | y-final disyllabic | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 |
| hand | suffix 1 | inanimate | y-final disyllabic | zero | i | zero | i | lu | la | lu | la |
| hand | suffix 2 | inanimate | y-final disyllabic | zero | zero | zero | ki | zero | zero | zero | ki |
| horse | lexeme | animate | am-final | gurram | gurram | gurraanini | guraaniki | guraalu | gurraala | gurraalani | gurraalaki |
| horse | stem | animate | am-final | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 |
| horse | suffix 1 | animate | am-final | zero | zero | i | i | lu | la | la | la |
| horse | suffix 2 | animate | am-final | zero | zero | ni | ki | zero | zero | ni | ki |
| house | lexeme | inanimate | nnu/llu-final | illu | iɳʈi | illu | iɳʈiki | iɭɭu | iɭɭa | iɭɭu | iɭɭaki |
| house | stem | inanimate | nnu/llu-final | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 |
| house | suffix 1 | inanimate | nnu/llu-final | zero | i | zero | i | lu | la | lu | la |
| house | suffix 2 | inanimate | nnu/llu-final | zero | zero | zero | ki | zero | zero | zero | ki |
| mouth | lexeme | inanimate | ɖ/l/r + u/i-final | nooru | nooʈi | nooru | nooʈiki | nooɭɭu | nooɭɭa | nooɭɭu | nooɭɭaki |
| mouth | stem | inanimate | ɖ/l/r + u/i-final | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 |
| mouth | suffix 1 | inanimate | ɖ/l/r + u/i-final | zero | i | u | i | lu | la | lu | la |
| mouth | suffix 2 | inanimate | ɖ/l/r + u/i-final | zero | i | zero | i | zero | zero | zero | ki |
| pen | lexeme | inanimate | am-final (all) | kalam | kalam | kalam | kalaaniki | kalaalu | kalaala | kalaalu | kalaalaki |
| pen | stem | inanimate | am-final (all) | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 | #stem 3 |
| pen | suffix 1 | inanimate | am-final (all) | zero | zero | i | i | lu | la | lu | la |
| pen | suffix 2 | inanimate | am-final (all) | zero | zero | ni | ki | zero | zero | zero | ki |
| box | lexeme | inanimate | default | peʈʈe | peʈʈe | peʈʈe | peʈʈeki | peʈʈelu | peʈʈela | peʈʈelu | peʈʈelaki |
| box | stem | inanimate | default | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 |
| box | suffix 1 | inanimate | default | zero | zero | zero | zero | lu | la | lu | la |
| box | suffix 2 | inanimate | default | zero | zero | zero | ki | zero | zero | zero | ki |
Verbs table
| gloss | layer | pst 1 sg | pst 2 sg | pst 3 sg m | pst 3 sg f | pst 3 sg n | pst 1 pl | pst 2 pl | pst 3 pl m | pst 3 pl f | pst 3 pl n | fut-hab 1 sg | fut-hab 2 sg | fut-hab 3 sg m | fut-hab 3 sg f | fut-hab 3 sg n | fut-hab 1 pl | fut-hab 2 pl | fut-hab 3 pl m | fut-hab 3 pl f | fut-hab 3 pl n | dur 1 sg | dur 2 sg | dur 3 sg m | dur 3 sg f | dur 3 sg n | dur 1 pl | dur 2 pl | dur 3 pl m | dur 3 pl f | dur 3 pl n | fut-hab neg 1 sg | fut-hab neg 2 sg | fut-hab neg 3 sg m | fut-hab neg 3 sg f | fut-hab neg 3 sg n | fut-hab neg 1 pl | fut-hab neg 2 pl | fut-hab neg 3 pl m | fut-hab neg 3 pl f | fut-hab neg 3 pl n | imp sg | imp pl | imp sg neg | imp pl neg | hort | ptcp pst | ptcp dur | ptcp neg | ptcp cond | ptcp conc | inf | vbl noun | vbl adj pst | vbl adj fut-hab | vbl adj dur | vbl adj neg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | lexeme | aɖigæænu | aɖugutaanu | aɖugutunnaanu | aɖaganu | aɖugu | aɖagaɳɖi | aɖagaku | aɖagakaɳɖi | aɖugudaam | aɖigi | aɖugutuu | aɖagaka | aɖigitee | aɖignaa | aɖagan | aɖagaʈam | aɖigina | aɖigee | aɖugutunna | aɖagani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ask | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #V-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #C-stem | #frontV-stem | #C-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #C-stem | #a-stem |
| ask | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | itee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| beat | lexeme | koʈʈæænu | koɖataanu | koɖataawu | koɖataaɖu | koɖatunɖi | koɖatundi | koɖataamu | koɖataaru | koɖataaru | koɖataaru | koɖataayi | koɖutunnaanu | koʈʈanu | koʈʈu | koʈʈaɳɖi | koʈʈaku | koʈʈakaɳɖi | koɖadaam | koʈʈi | koɖutuu | koʈʈaka | koɖitee | koʈʈinaa | koʈʈan | koʈʈaʈam | koʈʈina | koʈʈee | koɖutunna | koʈʈani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| beat | stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #ta-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #tu-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #ta-stem | #V-stem | #tu-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem2 | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #tu-stem | #V-stem |
| beat | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | itee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| burn | lexeme | kaalcæænu | kaalustaanu | kaalustunnaanu | kaalcanu | kaalcu | kaalcaɳɖi | kaalcaku | kaalcakaɳɖi | kaaluddaam | kaalci | kaalustuu | kaalcaka | kaalistee | kaalcinaa | kaalcan | kaalcaʈam | kaalcina | kaalcee | kaalustunna | kaalcani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| burn | stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #d-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem |
| burn | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| call | lexeme | pilicæænu | pilustaanu | pilustunnaanu | pilawanu | pilu(wu) | pilawaɳɖi | pilawaku | pilawakaɳɖi | piluddaam | pilici | pilustuu | pilawaka | pilistee | pilicinaa | Pilawan | pilawaʈam | pilicina | pilicee | pilustunna | pilawani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| call | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #V-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #d-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem |
| call | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| come | lexeme | waccEEnu | wastaanu | wastunnaanu | raanu | raa | raaNDi/ raNDi | raaku | raakaNDi | waddaam | wacci | wastuu | raaka | wastee | waccinaa | raan | raawaTam | waccina | waccee | wastunna | raani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| come | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #d-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #frontV-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem |
| come | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| hear\listen | lexeme | winnaanu | winnaawu | winnaaɖu | winnadi | winnadi | winnaamu | winnaaru | winnaaru | winnaaru | winnaayi | wiɳʈaanu | wiɳʈundi | wiɳʈunnaanu | winanu | winaru | winu | winaɳɖi | winaku | winakaɳɖi | windaam | wini | wiɳʈuu | winaka | wiɳʈee | winnaa | winan | winaʈam | winna | winee | wiɳʈunna | winani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hear\listen | stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #t-stem | #stem | #t-stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #stem | #t-stem | #stem |
| hear\listen | suffix | naanu | naawu | naaɖu | nadi | nadi | naamu | naaru | naaru | naaru | naayi | ʈaanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | ʈee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| meet/be wet | lexeme | kalisæænu | kalisææwu | kalisææɖu | kalisindi | kalisindi | kalisææmu | kalisææru | kalisææru | kalisææru | kalisææyi | kalustaanu | kalustunnaanu | kalawanu | kalu(wu) | kalawaɳɖi | kalawaku | kalawakaɳɖi | kaluddaam | taɖisi | taɖustuu | taɖawaka | taɖistee | taɖisinaa | taɖawan | taɖawaʈam | taɖisina | taɖisee | taɖustunna | taɖawani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| meet/be wet | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #V-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #d-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem |
| meet/be wet | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| sell | lexeme | ammæænu | ammææwu | ammææɖu | ammindi | ammindi | ammææmu | ammææru | ammææru | ammææru | ammææyi | ammutaanu | ammutaawuu | ammutaaɖu | ammutundi | ammutundi | ammutaamu | ammutaaru | ammutaaru | ammutaaru | ammutaayi | ammutunnaanu | ammanu | ammawu | ammaɖu | ammadu | ammadu | ammamu | ammaru | ammaru | ammaru | ammawu | ammu | ammaɳɖi | ammaku | ammakaɳɖi | ammudaam | ammi | ammutuu | ammaka | ammitee | amminaa | amman | ammaʈam | ammina | ammee | ammutunna | ammani | |||||||||
| sell | stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #C-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #C-stem | #V-stem | #C-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #C-stem | #V-stem |
| sell | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | itee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| settle | lexeme | kudircæænu | kudurustaanu | kudurustunnaanu | kudurcanu | kudurcu | kudarcaɳɖi | kudarcaku | kudarcakaɳɖi | kuduruddaam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| settle | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #V-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #d-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem | #t-stem | #frontV-stem | #a-stem | #a-stem | #frontV-stem | #a-stem | #t-stem | #a-stem |
| settle | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| swell | lexeme | waacindi | waastundi | waastunnadi | waayadu | waaci | waastuu | waayaka | waastee | waacinaa | waayan | waayaʈam | waacina | waacee | waastunna | waayani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| swell | stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #d-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem | #t-stem | #frontV-stem | #V-stem | #V-stem | #frontV-stem | #frontV-stem | #t-stem | #V-stem |
| swell | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
| take | lexeme | tisæænu | tiistaanu | tiistunnaanu | tiiyanu | tiiy(i) | tiiyaɳɖi | tiiyaku | tiiyakaɳɖi | tiiddaam | tiisi | tiistuu | tiiyaka | tiistee | tiisinaa | tiiyan | tiiyaʈam | tiisina | tiisee | tiistunna | tiiyani | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| take | stem | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | stem 3 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #d-stem | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 | #stem 1 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 2 | #stem 1 |
| take | suffix | æænu | ææwu | ææɖu | indi | indi | ææmu | ææru | ææru | ææru | ææyi | taanu | taawuu | taaɖu | tundi | tundi | taamu | taaru | taaru | taaru | taayi | tunnaanu | tunnaawu | tuɳʈaɖu | tunnadi | tunnadi | tuɳʈaam | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tunnaaru | tuɳʈaayi | anu | awu | aɖu | adu | adu | amu | aru | aru | aru | awu | u | aɳɖi | aku | aɳɖi | daam | i | tuu | aka | tee | inaa | an | aʈam | ina | ee | tunna | ani |
Telugu notes
Nouns
- The presenentation of noun types in the database is based on Krishnamurti & Gwynn's (1985) classification of oblique stem alternations in the singular. Plural formation is a somewhat separate question: in their system, the plural stem alternants are largely predictable on the basis of sandhi rules, though these depend on a fairly abstract underlying representation. A full presentation with all the phonological detail would vastly multiply the types. No attempt has been made here to spell this out in detail, because Krishnamurti & Gwynn's (1985) do not provide a comprehensive picture of the correlations between singular oblique alternations and plural stem alternations.
- The nominative singular is treated as the basic stem.
- Assignment to the 'friend' type is automatic, based on semantics and stem phonology (human-referant pronouns also inflect according to this pattern). Assignment to the 'horse'/'pen' type is automatic based on stem phonology. The other non-default types are lexically specified (stem phonology further restricts which stems can be so specified).
Verbs
- There is some limited suffix allomorphy: verbs whose stem ends in a short vowel + /n/ have distinct past tense forms (-naa-/-na as opposed to default -ææ-/-in).
-
2. There are around a dozen patterns of stem alternation. These line up with suffix phonology, but in many (most?) cases these do not appear to be the result of a transparent synchronically active phonological rule. The potentially relevant environments are:
- /a/-initial suffixes
- -- front vowel-initial suffixes
- /u/-initial suffixes
- /t/-initial suffixes
- /d/-initial suffixes
- one type further distinguishes between /ta/- and /tu/-initial suffixes
The (potentially) morphological nature of the alternation is illustrated by the suppletive verb 'come' ('be' is similar):
‘come’ ‘ask’ ‘stretch out’ fut-hab neg 1sg raanu aɖaganu caacanu /a/-initial suffix pst 1 sg waccæænu aɖigæænu caacæænu front vowel-initial suffix fut-hab 1 sg wastaanu aɖugutaanu caastaanu /t/-initial suffix hort waddaam aɖugudaam caaddaam /d/-initial suffixes The type represented by 'take' (tiis- → tis-) additionally shows root vowel shortening in the past tense, which Krishnamurti & Gwynn do not discuss. It appears to be correlated with the long vowel of the following suffix (ææ), but such shortening is not a general rule (e.g. cuusæænu 'I saw', leecæænu 'I rose').
References
Krishnamurti, B. and J.P.L. Gwynn. 1985. A grammar of Modern Telugu. Delhi: Oxford University Press.