Yimas

Language

Yimas

Family

Ramu-Lower Sepik

Ethnologue

yee

ISO

yee

glottolog_id

yima1243

Verbs intrans table

gloss	layer	1 sg	2 sg	3 sg	1 du	2 du	3 du	1 pl	2 pl	3 pl	1 pc	2 pc	3 pc	neg 1 sg	neg 2 sg	neg 3 sg	neg 1 du	neg 2 du	neg 3 du	neg 1 pl	neg 2 pl	neg 3 pl	neg 1 pc	neg 2 pc	neg 3 pc
go	prefix 1	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta
go	prefix 2	ama	ma	na	kapa	kapwa	impa	ipa	ipwa	pu	paŋkra	paŋkra	kra	ka	pun	pu	ŋkra	ŋkran	pu	kay		pu	kay		pu
go	suffix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	rm	rm	rm	ump	ump	ump	ŋkt	ŋkt	ŋkt
go	lexeme	amawat	mawat	nawat	kapawat	kapwawat	impawat	ipawat	ipwawat	puwat	paŋkrawat	paŋkrawat	krawat	takawat	tapunwat	tapuwat	taŋkrawarrm			takaywarum	tananwarum	tapuwarm	takaywarŋkt

Verbs trans table

gloss	layer	1 sg > 2 sg	1 du > 2 sg	1 pl > 2 sg	1 sg > 2 pl	1 du > 2 pl	1 pl > 2 pl	3 sg > 2 pl	3 du > 2 pl	3 pl > 2 pl	3 sg > 2 du	1 sg > 2 du	1 du > 2 du	1 pl > 2 du	3 du > 2 du	3 pl > 2 du	1 sg > 3 sg	1 sg > 3 du	1 sg > 3 pl	3 sg > 1 sg	2 sg > 1 sg	2 pl > 1 sg	2 du > 1 sg	3 du > 1 sg	3 pl > 1 sg	1 du > 3 sg	3 sg > 1 du	2 sg > 1 du	2 du > 1 du	2 pl > 1 du	1 du > 3 du	3 du > 1 du	1 du > 3 pl	3 pl > 1 du	3 sg > 1 pl	2 sg > 1 pl	2 du > 1 pl	2 pl > 1 pl	3 pl > 1 pl	3 du > 1 pl	2 pl > 3 sg	3 sg > 2 sg option_1	3 sg > 2 sg option_2	3 du > 2 sg	2 pl > 3 du	2 pl > 3 pl	3 pl > 2 sg	2 sg > 3 sg	3 sg > 3 sg	2 sg > 3 du	3 sg > 3 du	2 sg > 3 pl	3 sg > 3 pl	2 du > 3 sg	2 du > 3 du	2 du > 3 pl	3 du > 3 sg	3 du > 3 du	3 du > 3 pl	1 pl > 3 sg	1 pl > 3 du	3 pl > 3 sg	3 pl > 3 du	3 pl > 3 pl	1 sg > 2 sg neg	1 du > 2 sg neg	1 pl > 2 sg neg	1 sg > 2 pl neg	1 du > 2 pl neg	1 pl > 2 pl neg	3 sg > 2 pl neg	3 du > 2 pl neg	3 pl > 2 pl neg	3 sg > 2 du neg	1 sg > 2 du neg	1 du > 2 du neg	1 pl > 2 du neg	3 du > 2 du neg	3 pl > 2 du neg	1 sg > 3 sg neg	1 sg > 3 du neg	1 sg > 3 pl neg	3 sg > 1 sg neg	2 sg > 1 sg neg	2 pl > 1 sg neg	2 du > 1 sg neg	3 du > 1 sg neg	3 pl > 1 sg neg	1 du > 3 sg neg	3 sg > 1 du neg	2 sg > 1 du neg	2 du > 1 du neg	2 pl > 1 du neg	1 du > 3 du neg	3 du > 1 du neg	1 du > 3 pl neg	3 pl > 1 du neg	3 sg > 1 pl neg	2 sg > 1 pl neg	2 du > 1 pl neg	2 pl > 1 pl neg	3 pl > 1 pl neg	3 du > 1 pl neg	2 pl > 3 sg neg	3 sg > 2 sg option_1 neg	3 sg > 2 sg option_2 neg	3 du > 2 sg neg	2 pl > 3 du neg	2 pl > 3 pl neg	3 pl > 2 sg neg	2 sg > 3 sg neg	3 sg > 3 sg neg	2 sg > 3 du neg	3 sg > 3 du neg	2 sg > 3 pl neg	3 sg > 3 pl neg	2 du > 3 sg neg	2 du > 3 du neg	2 du > 3 pl neg	3 du > 3 sg neg	3 du > 3 du neg	3 du > 3 pl neg	1 pl > 3 sg neg	1 pl > 3 du neg	3 pl > 3 sg neg	3 pl > 3 du neg	3 pl > 3 pl neg
see	lexeme	kampantayɲcut	kampantayɲcut	kampantayɲcut	kulcayɲcut	kulcayɲcut	kulcayɲcut	nakulcayɲcut	impakulcayɲcut	pukulcayɲcut	naŋkulcayɲcut	ŋkulcayɲcut	ŋkulcayɲcut	ŋkulcayɲcut	impaŋkulcayɲcut	puŋkulcayɲcut	nakatayɲcut	impakatayɲcut	pukatayɲcut	naŋatayɲcut	maŋatayɲcut	kapwaŋatayɲcut	ipwaŋatayɲcut	impaŋatayɲcut	puŋatayɲcut	naŋkratayɲcut	naŋkratayɲcut	maŋkratayɲcut	kapwaŋkratayɲcut	ipwaŋkratayɲcut	impaŋkratayɲcut	impaŋkratayɲcut	puŋkratayɲcut	puŋkratayɲcut	nakratayɲcut	makratayɲcut	kapwakratayɲcut	ipwakratayɲcut	pukratayɲcut	impakratayɲcut	nanantayɲcut	nanantayɲcut	nantayɲcut	impanantayɲcut	impanantayɲcut	punantayɲcut	punantayɲcut	nantayɲcut	nantayɲcut	impantayɲcut	impantayɲcut	puntayɲcut	puntayɲcut	naŋkrantayɲcut	impaŋkrantayɲcut	puŋkrantayɲcut	nampɨtayɲcut	impampɨtayɲcut	pumpɨtayɲcut	nakaytayɲcut	impakaytayɲcut	namputayɲcut	impamputayɲcut	pumputayɲcut
not see	prefix 1	ka	ka	ka	zero	zero	zero	na	impa	pu	na	zero	zero	zero	impa	pu	na	impa	pu	na	ma	kapwa	ipwa	impa	pu	na	na	ma	kapwa	ipwa	impa	impa	pu	pu	na	ma	kapwa	ipwa	pu	impa	na	na	zero	impa	impa	pu	pu	na	na	impa	impa	pu	pu	na	impa	pu	na	impa	pu	na	impa	na	impa	pu	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta	ta
not see	prefix 2	mpan	mpan	mpan	kul	kul	kul	kul	kul	kul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ka	ka	ka	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	kra	kra	kra	kra	kra	kra								n	n	n	n	n	n	ŋkran	ŋkran	ŋkran	mpɨ	mpɨ	mpɨ	kay	kay	mpu	mpu	mpu	mpan	mpan	mpan	kul	kul	kul	kul	kul	kul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ŋkul	ka	ka	ka	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋa	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	ŋkra	kra	kra	kra	kra	kra	kra	punan	punan	punan	punan	punan	punan	punan	pun	pun	pun	pun	pun	pun	ŋkran	ŋkran	ŋkran	mpɨ	mpɨ	mpɨ	kay	kay	mpu	mpu	mpu
not see	suffix	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	zero	ump	ump	ump	zero	rm	ump	zero	rm	rm	rm	rm	ump	ak	rm	ump	zero	zero	ump	rm	rm	ump	ak	zero	zero	rm	ump	rm	rm	ump	ump	zero	zero	rm	ump	ump	rm	ak	zero	zero	rm	rm	ump	ump	ak	ak	rm	rm	ump	ump	ak	rm	ump	ak	rm	ump	ak	rm	ak	rm	ump
																																																																	‘see’ -tay	‘see’ -tay	‘see’ -tay	‘not see’	‘not see’	‘not see’

Yimas notes

Gender prefixes are used for: (i) 3rd person intransitive subject or transitive object for most verb forms, and (ii) proximal and far distant deictics. Suffixes are used for: (i) adjectives, (ii) possessive pronouns, and (iii) intransitive subject or transitive object (any person) for negative and potential verbs. (The determination of which verbal argument controls agreement is somewhat more complicated than that, involving the interaction of various hierarchies; see Kibrik 1997).

Some gender suffixes display allomorphy depending on word class ('house', 'night' and 'village' have individual agreement patterns). Foley (1991) does not give complete paradigms for the verbal suffixes, so these are not given separately here. Of note is the fact that singular arguments (with human referants only?) take a null suffix if subject and -ak if object.
The paradigms shown here assume animate (class I or class II) arguments.
The transitive paradigm is shown in the remote past, the intransitive verb in the perfect. This does not effect the patterns of gender, person or number marking.
The forms for the 2nd person paucal of negative and potential intransitive verbs has been deduced. In the case of transitive verbs, the agreement conditions with paucal arguments are so complex, and the examples in Foley's (1991) grammar so few, that these have not been included.
Potential forms are exactly the same as negative forms, substituting the prefix ant- for ta-.

References

Foley, W.A. 1991. The Yimas Language of New Guinea. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Kibrik, A.E. 1997. Ierarxii, roli, nuli, markirovannost' i "anomal'naja" upakovka grammatičeskoj semantiki. Voprosy Jazykoznanija 1997, issue 4. 27-57.