Yukaghir

Language

Yukaghir

Family

Yukaghir

Ethnologue

ISO

glottolog_id

Nouns table

gloss	layer	nom sg	pred sg	acc2 sg	acc1 sg	ins sg	dat sg	loc sg	abl sg	prol sg	com sg	nom pl	pred pl	acc2 pl	acc1 pl	ins pl	dat pl	loc pl	abl pl	prol pl	com pl	nom sg poss	pred sg poss	acc2 sg poss	acc1 sg poss	ins sg poss	dat sg poss	loc sg poss	abl sg poss	prol sg poss	com sg poss	nom pl poss	pred pl poss	acc2 pl poss	acc1 pl poss	ins pl poss	dat pl poss	loc pl poss	abl pl poss	prol pl poss	com pl poss
domesticated deer	suffix	zero	lek	zero	gele	le	ŋin	ge	get	gen	n'e	pul	plek	pul	pulgele	ple	pulŋin	pulge	pulget	pulgen	puln'e	gi	gi	gi	dejle	dele	din	dege	deget	degen	den'e	pki	pki	pki	ptejle	ptele	ptin	ptege	pteget	ptegen	pten'e
non E-final	suffix	zero	lek	zero	gele	le	ŋin	ge	get	gen	n'e	pe	pelek	pe	pegele	pele	peŋin	pege	peget	pegen	pen'e	gi	gi	gi	dejle	dele	din	dege	deget	degen	den'e	pegi	pegi	pegi	pedejle	pedele	pedin	pedege	pedeget	pedegen	peden'e
domesticated deer	lexeme	a:če	a:čelek	a:če	a:čegele	a:čele	a:čeŋin	a:čege	a:čeget	a:čegen	a:čen'e	a:čepul	a:čeplek	a:čepul	a:čepulgele	a:čeple	a:čepulŋin	a:čepulge	a:čepulget	a:čepulgen	a:čepuln'e	a:čegi			a:čedegele	a:čedele	a:čedin	a:čedege	a:čedeget	a:čedegen	a:čeden'e

gloss	layer	valence	1 sg	2 sg	3 sg	1 pl	2 pl	3 pl	1 sg fut	2 sg fut	3 sg fut	1 pl fut	2 pl fut	3 pl fut	focus 1 sg	focus 2 sg	focus 3 sg	focus 1 pl	focus 2 pl	focus 3 pl	focus 1 sg fut	focus 2 sg fut	focus 3 sg fut	focus 1 pl fut	focus 2 pl fut	focus 3 pl fut	imp 2 sg	imp 3 sg	imp 1 pl	imp 2 pl	imp 3 pl	diff converb 1	diff converb 2	diff converb 3 sg	diff converb 3pl
make	lexeme	tr	a:	a:mek	a:m	a:j	a:met	a:ŋa:							a:me	a:me	a:mele	a:l	a:met	a:ŋile							a:k	a:gen	a:ge	a:ŋik	a:ŋigen
make	suffix	tr	zero	mek	m	j	met	ŋa:	t	temek	tem	tej	temet	ŋitem	me	me	mEle	l	met	ŋile	teme	teme	temle	tel	temet	ŋitemle	k	gen	ge	ŋik	ŋigen	luge	luge	dege	ŋidege
sit	lexeme	intr	modoje	modojek	modoj	modojel’i	modojemet	modoŋi							modol	modol	modol	modol	modol	modoŋil							modok	modogen	modoge	modoŋik	modoŋigen
sit	suffix	intr	je	jek	j	jEl’i	jEmet	ŋi	tEje	tEjek	tEj	tEjl’i	tEjmet	ŋitej	l	l	l	l	l	ŋil	tEl	tEl	tEl	tEl	tEl	ŋitel	k	gen	ge	ŋik	ŋigen	luge	luge	dege	ŋidege

'Argument' focus verb forms are used in contexts where the intranstive subject or transitive object is in focus (Maslova (2003) distinguishes them as 'subject focus' and 'object focus' forms, respectively).
There are additional non-finite verb forms not shown here, but they are all distinct from each other and do not appear to differ between transitive and intransitive verbs.

The possessive paradigm is used for possessed nouns; in the following example, 'eye' is possessed by 'his wife' (Maslova 2003: 79):

ta:t nume-ŋin qon-delle tude terike-gele aŋďe-de-jle ulte-m

then house-DAT go-SS:PFV his wife-ACC eye-POSS-ACC bind-TR:3SG

‘Then he went home and bound his wife's eyes.’

Plural possessive forms refer to plurality of the possessor or possessed (or both).
Maslova (2003) distinguishes an 'accusative' from the 'pronominal accusative'; these are called 'acc1' and 'acc2' here. Accusative 1 is found when the subject is 3rd person, accusative 2 when the subject is 1st or 2nd person.
Some of the case-number values show alternative forms (not lexically specified); only one (the most common one) is shown here.

The symbol E indicates a morphophoneme with the following properties (see §3.3.4 in Maslova 2003): in most contexts it is realized as /e/ (under some circumstances related to vowel harmony as /o/), unless the preceding syllable itself ends in E, in which case it is zero. Significantly, this represents the potential for this alternation pattern, and is not a phonological property as such. For stems ending in /e/ or /o/, it must be lexically specified whether this behaves as E or just as plain /e/ or /o/. Thus, while the suffix allomorphs found with 'elder brother' are phonologically predictable (because the stem ends in /a/), those of 'shoe' and 'domesticated deer' are not:

non E-final stem
‘elder brother’ non E-final stem
‘shoe’ E-final stem
‘domesticated deer’

nom sg ča:ča: mure a:če

nom pl ča:ča:-pe mure-pe a:če-pul

In the database, 'domesticated deer' represents an E-final stem.
The /l/-initial nominal suffixes (predicative and instrumental) are realized without the /l/ when suffixed to C-final stems (though note that the /l/ of the acc2 induces an epenthetic vowel instead, e.g. met-ul 'me-acc2'). Suffix-initial /g/ and /d/ are devoiced following a voiceless obstruent following a regular phonological rule.

The forms of 'I' stand in for all 1st and 2nd person pronouns, those of 'he/she/it' for 3rd person pronouns.

Maslova, Elena. 2003. A grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir. Berlin: Mouton.

ta:t	nume-ŋin	qon-delle	tude	terike-gele	aŋďe-de-jle	ulte-m
then	house-DAT	go-SS:PFV	his	wife-ACC	eye-POSS-ACC	bind-TR:3SG
‘Then he went home and bound his wife's eyes.’

	non E-final stem ‘elder brother’	non E-final stem ‘shoe’	E-final stem ‘domesticated deer’
nom sg	ča:ča:	mure	a:če
nom pl	ča:ča:-pe	mure-pe	a:če-pul